Brothers of the Lord - Revision history

Mxmsj: Text replacement - "â€“" to "-"

2022-12-13T08:58:36Z

Text replacement - "â€“" to "-"

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:58, 13 December 2022
Line 177:		Line 177:
	:: When trying to understand these verses, note that the term "brother" (Greek: ''adelphos'') has a wide meaning in the Bible. It is not restricted to the literal meaning of a full brother or half-brother. The same goes for "sister" (''adelphe'') and the plural form "brothers" (''adelphoi''). The Old Testament shows that "brother" had a wide semantic range of meaning and could refer to '''any male relative from whom you are not descended''' (male relatives from whom you are descended are known as "fathers") and who are not descended from you (your male descendants, regardless of the number of generations removed, are your "sons"), as well as kinsmen such as cousins, those who are members of the family by marriage or by law rather than by blood, and even friends or mere political allies [http://usccb.org/bible/2sm/1:26 (2 Sam 1:26;] [http://usccb.org/bible/amos/1:9 Amos 1:9).]		:: When trying to understand these verses, note that the term "brother" (Greek: ''adelphos'') has a wide meaning in the Bible. It is not restricted to the literal meaning of a full brother or half-brother. The same goes for "sister" (''adelphe'') and the plural form "brothers" (''adelphoi''). The Old Testament shows that "brother" had a wide semantic range of meaning and could refer to '''any male relative from whom you are not descended''' (male relatives from whom you are descended are known as "fathers") and who are not descended from you (your male descendants, regardless of the number of generations removed, are your "sons"), as well as kinsmen such as cousins, those who are members of the family by marriage or by law rather than by blood, and even friends or mere political allies [http://usccb.org/bible/2sm/1:26 (2 Sam 1:26;] [http://usccb.org/bible/amos/1:9 Amos 1:9).]

	:: Lot, for example, is called Abraham's "brother" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/14:14 (Gen 14:14),] even though, being the son of Haran, Abraham's brother [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/11:26 (Gen. 11:~~26â€“28~~),] he was actually Abraham's nephew. Similarly, Jacob is called the "brother" of his uncle Laban [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/29:15 (Gen. 29:15).] Kish and Eleazar were the sons of Mahli. Kish had sons of his own, but Eleazar had no sons, only daughters, who married their "brethren," the sons of Kish. These "brethren" were really their cousins [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/23:21 (1 Chr 23:~~21â€“22~~).]		:: Lot, for example, is called Abraham's "brother" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/14:14 (Gen 14:14),] even though, being the son of Haran, Abraham's brother [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/11:26 (Gen. 11:26-28),] he was actually Abraham's nephew. Similarly, Jacob is called the "brother" of his uncle Laban [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/29:15 (Gen. 29:15).] Kish and Eleazar were the sons of Mahli. Kish had sons of his own, but Eleazar had no sons, only daughters, who married their "brethren," the sons of Kish. These "brethren" were really their cousins [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/23:21 (1 Chr 23:21-22).]

	:: The terms "brothers," "brother," and "sister" did not refer only to close relatives. Sometimes they meant kinsmen [http://usccb.org/bible/dt/23:8 (Dt 23:8;] [http://usccb.org/bible/neh/5:7 Neh 5:7;] [http://usccb.org/bible/jer/34:9 Jer. 34:9),] as in the reference to the forty-two "brethren" of King Azariah [http://usccb.org/bible/2kgs/10:13 (2 Kgs 10:~~13â€“14~~).]		:: The terms "brothers," "brother," and "sister" did not refer only to close relatives. Sometimes they meant kinsmen [http://usccb.org/bible/dt/23:8 (Dt 23:8;] [http://usccb.org/bible/neh/5:7 Neh 5:7;] [http://usccb.org/bible/jer/34:9 Jer. 34:9),] as in the reference to the forty-two "brethren" of King Azariah [http://usccb.org/bible/2kgs/10:13 (2 Kgs 10:13-14).]

	== Ah ==		== Ah ==

Mxmsj: Text replacement - "--" to " — "

2022-12-10T10:04:02Z

Text replacement - "--" to " — "

Mxmsj: Text replacement - "â€™" to "'"

2022-12-10T09:20:27Z

Text replacement - "â€™" to "'"

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 10 December 2022
Line 177:		Line 177:
	:: When trying to understand these verses, note that the term "brother" (Greek: ''adelphos'') has a wide meaning in the Bible. It is not restricted to the literal meaning of a full brother or half-brother. The same goes for "sister" (''adelphe'') and the plural form "brothers" (''adelphoi''). The Old Testament shows that "brother" had a wide semantic range of meaning and could refer to '''any male relative from whom you are not descended''' (male relatives from whom you are descended are known as "fathers") and who are not descended from you (your male descendants, regardless of the number of generations removed, are your "sons"), as well as kinsmen such as cousins, those who are members of the family by marriage or by law rather than by blood, and even friends or mere political allies [http://usccb.org/bible/2sm/1:26 (2 Sam 1:26;] [http://usccb.org/bible/amos/1:9 Amos 1:9).]		:: When trying to understand these verses, note that the term "brother" (Greek: ''adelphos'') has a wide meaning in the Bible. It is not restricted to the literal meaning of a full brother or half-brother. The same goes for "sister" (''adelphe'') and the plural form "brothers" (''adelphoi''). The Old Testament shows that "brother" had a wide semantic range of meaning and could refer to '''any male relative from whom you are not descended''' (male relatives from whom you are descended are known as "fathers") and who are not descended from you (your male descendants, regardless of the number of generations removed, are your "sons"), as well as kinsmen such as cousins, those who are members of the family by marriage or by law rather than by blood, and even friends or mere political allies [http://usccb.org/bible/2sm/1:26 (2 Sam 1:26;] [http://usccb.org/bible/amos/1:9 Amos 1:9).]

	:: Lot, for example, is called ~~Abrahamâ€™s~~ "brother" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/14:14 (Gen 14:14),] even though, being the son of Haran, ~~Abrahamâ€™s~~ brother [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/11:26 (Gen. 11:26â€“28),] he was actually ~~Abrahamâ€™s~~ nephew. Similarly, Jacob is called the "brother" of his uncle Laban [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/29:15 (Gen. 29:15).] Kish and Eleazar were the sons of Mahli. Kish had sons of his own, but Eleazar had no sons, only daughters, who married their "brethren," the sons of Kish. These "brethren" were really their cousins [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/23:21 (1 Chr 23:21â€“22).]		:: Lot, for example, is called Abraham's "brother" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/14:14 (Gen 14:14),] even though, being the son of Haran, Abraham's brother [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/11:26 (Gen. 11:26â€“28),] he was actually Abraham's nephew. Similarly, Jacob is called the "brother" of his uncle Laban [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/29:15 (Gen. 29:15).] Kish and Eleazar were the sons of Mahli. Kish had sons of his own, but Eleazar had no sons, only daughters, who married their "brethren," the sons of Kish. These "brethren" were really their cousins [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/23:21 (1 Chr 23:21â€“22).]

	:: The terms "brothers," "brother," and "sister" did not refer only to close relatives. Sometimes they meant kinsmen [http://usccb.org/bible/dt/23:8 (Dt 23:8;] [http://usccb.org/bible/neh/5:7 Neh 5:7;] [http://usccb.org/bible/jer/34:9 Jer. 34:9),] as in the reference to the forty-two "brethren" of King Azariah [http://usccb.org/bible/2kgs/10:13 (2 Kgs 10:13â€“14).]		:: The terms "brothers," "brother," and "sister" did not refer only to close relatives. Sometimes they meant kinsmen [http://usccb.org/bible/dt/23:8 (Dt 23:8;] [http://usccb.org/bible/neh/5:7 Neh 5:7;] [http://usccb.org/bible/jer/34:9 Jer. 34:9),] as in the reference to the forty-two "brethren" of King Azariah [http://usccb.org/bible/2kgs/10:13 (2 Kgs 10:13â€“14).]

Mxmsj: /* The meaning of "brother" in the Bible */

2013-07-20T15:04:21Z

The meaning of "brother" in the Bible

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:04, 20 July 2013
Line 179:		Line 179:
	:: Lot, for example, is called Abrahamâ€™s "brother" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/14:14 (Gen 14:14),] even though, being the son of Haran, Abrahamâ€™s brother [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/11:26 (Gen. 11:26â€“28),] he was actually Abrahamâ€™s nephew. Similarly, Jacob is called the "brother" of his uncle Laban [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/29:15 (Gen. 29:15).] Kish and Eleazar were the sons of Mahli. Kish had sons of his own, but Eleazar had no sons, only daughters, who married their "brethren," the sons of Kish. These "brethren" were really their cousins [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/23:21 (1 Chr 23:21â€“22).]		:: Lot, for example, is called Abrahamâ€™s "brother" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/14:14 (Gen 14:14),] even though, being the son of Haran, Abrahamâ€™s brother [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/11:26 (Gen. 11:26â€“28),] he was actually Abrahamâ€™s nephew. Similarly, Jacob is called the "brother" of his uncle Laban [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/29:15 (Gen. 29:15).] Kish and Eleazar were the sons of Mahli. Kish had sons of his own, but Eleazar had no sons, only daughters, who married their "brethren," the sons of Kish. These "brethren" were really their cousins [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/23:21 (1 Chr 23:21â€“22).]

	:: The terms "brothers," "brother," and "sister" did not refer only to close relatives. Sometimes they meant kinsmen [http://usccb.org/bible/dt/23:7 (Dt 23:7;] [http://usccb.org/bible/neh/5:7 Neh 5:7;] [http://usccb.org/bible/jer/34:9 Jer. 34:9),] as in the reference to the forty-two "brethren" of King Azariah [http://usccb.org/bible/2kgs/10:13 (2 Kgs 10:13â€“14).]		:: The terms "brothers," "brother," and "sister" did not refer only to close relatives. Sometimes they meant kinsmen [http://usccb.org/bible/dt/23:8 (Dt 23:8;] [http://usccb.org/bible/neh/5:7 Neh 5:7;] [http://usccb.org/bible/jer/34:9 Jer. 34:9),] as in the reference to the forty-two "brethren" of King Azariah [http://usccb.org/bible/2kgs/10:13 (2 Kgs 10:13â€“14).]

	== Ah ==		== Ah ==

Mxmsj: /* The meaning of "brother" in the Bible */

2013-07-20T15:02:38Z

The meaning of "brother" in the Bible

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:02, 20 July 2013
Line 159:		Line 159:
	(In this excerpt from [http://www.globalserve.net/~bumblebee/ecclesia/brothers.htm a page now not available,] I've reorganized the material and added some emphasis, but I have not changed the substance of the argument.)		(In this excerpt from [http://www.globalserve.net/~bumblebee/ecclesia/brothers.htm a page now not available,] I've reorganized the material and added some emphasis, but I have not changed the substance of the argument.)

	:: In the Bible, the term "brother" is used to refer to a wide variety of relationships. For instance, "Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot" [http://usccb.org/bible/~~gen~~/11:26 (Genesis 11:26).] This verse shows that Abram is the uncle of Lot: Abram is the brother of Lot's father. But in another verse, Abram is called Lot's "brother": "And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son [i.e., Abram's nephew], who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed. And when Abram heard that his brother [Lot] was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan" [http://usccb.org/bible/~~gen~~/14:12 (Genesis 14:12,14).]		:: In the Bible, the term "brother" is used to refer to a wide variety of relationships. For instance, "Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/11:26 (Genesis 11:26).] This verse shows that Abram is the uncle of Lot: Abram is the brother of Lot's father. But in another verse, Abram is called Lot's "brother": "And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son [i.e., Abram's nephew], who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed. And when Abram heard that his brother [Lot] was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/14:12 (Genesis 14:12,14).]

	:: Similarly, the Bible tells us here that Laban is Jacob's uncle: "And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things" [http://usccb.org/bible// (Genesis 29:13).] However, two verses later, Laban calls Jacob his brother: "And Laban said unto Jacob, 'Because thou art my brother, shouldst thou therefore serve me for nought? Tell me, what shall thy wages be?'" [http://usccb.org/bible/~~gen~~/29:15 (Genesis 29:15 ''[--the story of Jacob's marriages to Leah and Rachel<nowiki>]</nowiki>'').]		:: Similarly, the Bible tells us here that Laban is Jacob's uncle: "And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things" [http://usccb.org/bible// (Genesis 29:13).] However, two verses later, Laban calls Jacob his brother: "And Laban said unto Jacob, 'Because thou art my brother, shouldst thou therefore serve me for nought? Tell me, what shall thy wages be?'" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/29:15 (Genesis 29:15 ''[--the story of Jacob's marriages to Leah and Rachel<nowiki>]</nowiki>'').]

	:: So we see that the term "brother" can refer to other relationships than the one to which we normally apply it. This sort of thing was also done with other terms, such as "children". Here's an example: "And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul" [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/12:30 (1 Chronicles 12:30).]		:: So we see that the term "brother" can refer to other relationships than the one to which we normally apply it. This sort of thing was also done with other terms, such as "children". Here's an example: "And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul" [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/12:30 (1 Chronicles 12:30).]
Line 172:		Line 172:

	::: ''[I find this very attractive because it gives James good reason to be called "the brother of the Lord." My chief difficulty is understanding why two daughters would both be called "Mary"; a lesser problem is that no one lists James, Joses, and Judas in a single breath as sons of the same father and mother; lastly, the list in Mk 3 inserts a Simon before Judas. It may well be that we have an example of "conflation" of two or more mothers or fathers into one--some garbling in the tradition.]''		::: ''[I find this very attractive because it gives James good reason to be called "the brother of the Lord." My chief difficulty is understanding why two daughters would both be called "Mary"; a lesser problem is that no one lists James, Joses, and Judas in a single breath as sons of the same father and mother; lastly, the list in Mk 3 inserts a Simon before Judas. It may well be that we have an example of "conflation" of two or more mothers or fathers into one--some garbling in the tradition.]''

			:; [http://www.catholic.com/tracts/brethren-of-the-lord "Brethren of the Lord."]

			:: When trying to understand these verses, note that the term "brother" (Greek: ''adelphos'') has a wide meaning in the Bible. It is not restricted to the literal meaning of a full brother or half-brother. The same goes for "sister" (''adelphe'') and the plural form "brothers" (''adelphoi''). The Old Testament shows that "brother" had a wide semantic range of meaning and could refer to '''any male relative from whom you are not descended''' (male relatives from whom you are descended are known as "fathers") and who are not descended from you (your male descendants, regardless of the number of generations removed, are your "sons"), as well as kinsmen such as cousins, those who are members of the family by marriage or by law rather than by blood, and even friends or mere political allies [http://usccb.org/bible/2sm/1:26 (2 Sam 1:26;] [http://usccb.org/bible/amos/1:9 Amos 1:9).]

			:: Lot, for example, is called Abrahamâ€™s "brother" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/14:14 (Gen 14:14),] even though, being the son of Haran, Abrahamâ€™s brother [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/11:26 (Gen. 11:26â€“28),] he was actually Abrahamâ€™s nephew. Similarly, Jacob is called the "brother" of his uncle Laban [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/29:15 (Gen. 29:15).] Kish and Eleazar were the sons of Mahli. Kish had sons of his own, but Eleazar had no sons, only daughters, who married their "brethren," the sons of Kish. These "brethren" were really their cousins [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/23:21 (1 Chr 23:21â€“22).]

			:: The terms "brothers," "brother," and "sister" did not refer only to close relatives. Sometimes they meant kinsmen [http://usccb.org/bible/dt/23:7 (Dt 23:7;] [http://usccb.org/bible/neh/5:7 Neh 5:7;] [http://usccb.org/bible/jer/34:9 Jer. 34:9),] as in the reference to the forty-two "brethren" of King Azariah [http://usccb.org/bible/2kgs/10:13 (2 Kgs 10:13â€“14).]

	== Ah ==		== Ah ==

Mxmsj: /* The meaning of "brother" in the Bible */

2013-07-20T14:53:11Z

The meaning of "brother" in the Bible

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:53, 20 July 2013
Line 161:		Line 161:
	:: In the Bible, the term "brother" is used to refer to a wide variety of relationships. For instance, "Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot" [http://usccb.org/bible/gen/11:26 (Genesis 11:26).] This verse shows that Abram is the uncle of Lot: Abram is the brother of Lot's father. But in another verse, Abram is called Lot's "brother": "And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son [i.e., Abram's nephew], who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed. And when Abram heard that his brother [Lot] was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan" [http://usccb.org/bible/gen/14:12 (Genesis 14:12,14).]		:: In the Bible, the term "brother" is used to refer to a wide variety of relationships. For instance, "Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot" [http://usccb.org/bible/gen/11:26 (Genesis 11:26).] This verse shows that Abram is the uncle of Lot: Abram is the brother of Lot's father. But in another verse, Abram is called Lot's "brother": "And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son [i.e., Abram's nephew], who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed. And when Abram heard that his brother [Lot] was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan" [http://usccb.org/bible/gen/14:12 (Genesis 14:12,14).]

	:: Similarly, the Bible tells us here that Laban is Jacob's uncle: "And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things" [http://usccb.org/bible// (Genesis 29:13).] However, two verses later, Laban calls Jacob his brother: "And Laban said unto Jacob, 'Because thou art my brother, shouldst thou therefore serve me for nought? Tell me, what shall thy wages be?'" [http://usccb.org/bible/gen/29:15 (Genesis 29:15 ''[--the story of Jacob's marriages to Leah and Rachel]'').]		:: Similarly, the Bible tells us here that Laban is Jacob's uncle: "And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things" [http://usccb.org/bible// (Genesis 29:13).] However, two verses later, Laban calls Jacob his brother: "And Laban said unto Jacob, 'Because thou art my brother, shouldst thou therefore serve me for nought? Tell me, what shall thy wages be?'" [http://usccb.org/bible/gen/29:15 (Genesis 29:15 ''[--the story of Jacob's marriages to Leah and Rachel<nowiki>]</nowiki>'').]

	:: So we see that the term "brother" can refer to other relationships than the one to which we normally apply it. This sort of thing was also done with other terms, such as "children". Here's an example: "And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul" (1 Chronicles 12:29).		:: So we see that the term "brother" can refer to other relationships than the one to which we normally apply it. This sort of thing was also done with other terms, such as "children". Here's an example: "And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul" [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/12:30 (1 Chronicles 12:30).]

	:: Here we see that a group of three thousand people are called "the children of Benjamin", although they are not really his children, but rather descendants. ...		:: Here we see that a group of three thousand people are called "the children of Benjamin", although they are not really his children, but rather descendants. ...

	:: Note that 'Alphaeus' and 'Cleophas' [Clopas] quite possibly refer to the same person. They could be two Greek forms of a single Aramaic name 'Halphai' (just as 'Louis' in Latin can be either 'Ludovicus' or 'Aloysius'), or Alphaeus could have taken a Greek name (Cleophas) that sounded like his original name (a Biblical example of this would be when Saul stopped using his Hebrew name and instead started using the similar Roman name Paul [Acts 13:9]).		:: Note that 'Alphaeus' and 'Cleophas' [Clopas] quite possibly refer to the same person. They could be two Greek forms of a single Aramaic name 'Halphai' (just as 'Louis' in Latin can be either 'Ludovicus' or 'Aloysius'), or Alphaeus could have taken a Greek name (Cleophas) that sounded like his original name (a Biblical example of this would be when Saul stopped using his Hebrew name and instead started using the similar Roman name Paul [http://www.usccb.org/bible/acts/13:9 [Acts 13:9<nowiki>]</nowiki>).]

	:: If we accept that Alphaeus and Cleophas are the same person, then we have found that three of the brothers mentioned in Mark 6:3 are the sons of Alphaeus/Cleophas: James, Joses[/Joseph], and Juda/Judas. And if we make the assumption that Mary the wife of Cleophas mentioned in John 19:25 is the sister of Mary the mother of Jesus, and if we further assume that Mary the wife of Cleophas is the mother of Cleophas' children, that would make James, Joses and Juda the first cousins of Jesus.		:: If we accept that Alphaeus and Cleophas are the same person, then we have found that three of the brothers mentioned in Mark 6:3 are the sons of Alphaeus/Cleophas: James, Joses[/Joseph], and Juda/Judas. And if we make the assumption that Mary the wife of Cleophas mentioned in John 19:25 is the sister of Mary the mother of Jesus, and if we further assume that Mary the wife of Cleophas is the mother of Cleophas' children, that would make James, Joses and Juda the first cousins of Jesus.

Mxmsj: /* The meaning of "brother" in the Bible */

2013-07-20T14:28:15Z

The meaning of "brother" in the Bible

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 20 July 2013
Line 159:		Line 159:
	(In this excerpt from [http://www.globalserve.net/~bumblebee/ecclesia/brothers.htm a page now not available,] I've reorganized the material and added some emphasis, but I have not changed the substance of the argument.)		(In this excerpt from [http://www.globalserve.net/~bumblebee/ecclesia/brothers.htm a page now not available,] I've reorganized the material and added some emphasis, but I have not changed the substance of the argument.)

	:: In the Bible, the term "brother" is used to refer to a wide variety of relationships. For instance, "Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot" (Genesis 11:26). This verse shows that Abram is the uncle of Lot: Abram is the brother of Lot's father. But in another verse, Abram is called Lot's "brother": "And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son [i.e., Abram's nephew], who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed. And when Abram heard that his brother [Lot] was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan" (Genesis 14:12,14).		:: In the Bible, the term "brother" is used to refer to a wide variety of relationships. For instance, "Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot" [http://usccb.org/bible/gen/11:26 (Genesis 11:26).] This verse shows that Abram is the uncle of Lot: Abram is the brother of Lot's father. But in another verse, Abram is called Lot's "brother": "And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son [i.e., Abram's nephew], who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed. And when Abram heard that his brother [Lot] was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan" [http://usccb.org/bible/gen/14:12 (Genesis 14:12,14).]

	:: Similarly, the Bible tells us here that Laban is Jacob's uncle: "And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things" (Genesis 29:13). However, two verses later, Laban calls Jacob his brother: "And Laban said unto Jacob, 'Because thou art my brother, ~~shouldest~~ thou therefore serve me for nought? Tell me, what shall thy wages be?'" (Genesis 29:15 [--story of Leah and Rachel]).		:: Similarly, the Bible tells us here that Laban is Jacob's uncle: "And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things" [http://usccb.org/bible// (Genesis 29:13).] However, two verses later, Laban calls Jacob his brother: "And Laban said unto Jacob, 'Because thou art my brother, shouldst thou therefore serve me for nought? Tell me, what shall thy wages be?'" [http://usccb.org/bible/gen/29:15 (Genesis 29:15 ''[--the story of Jacob's marriages to Leah and Rachel]'').]

	:: So we see that the term "brother" can refer to other relationships than the one to which we normally apply it. This sort of thing was also done with other terms, such as "children". Here's an example: "And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul" (1 Chronicles 12:29).		:: So we see that the term "brother" can refer to other relationships than the one to which we normally apply it. This sort of thing was also done with other terms, such as "children". Here's an example: "And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul" (1 Chronicles 12:29).

Mxmsj: /* Possible meanings of "brother": */

2013-07-20T14:24:48Z

Possible meanings of "brother":

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 20 July 2013
Line 286:		Line 286:

	;From the same father and mother.		;From the same father and mother.
	: But Joseph is not the father of Jesus (Mt 1:25, Lk 1:34), so the "brothers" cannot be full blood-brothers. Still, if Joseph and Mary had other children, ~~outsiders~~ would have called them "brothers."		: But Joseph is not the father of Jesus [http://usccb.org/bible/mt/1:25 (Mt 1:25,] [http://usccb.org/bible/lk/1:34 Lk 1:34),] so the "brothers" cannot be full blood-brothers. Still, if Joseph and Mary had other children, people unaware of the Virginal Conception of Jesus would have called them "brothers."

	; Half-brothers--from the same father, different mother.		; Half-brothers--from the same father, different mother.
	* Joseph was married, widowed (Escobales, Protoevangelium of James, Gospel of Peter), and remarried (Jesus would then be not a brother of James & Joses, whose mother is alive at the Crucifixion).		* Joseph was married, widowed (Escobales, Protoevangelium of James, Gospel of Peter), and remarried (Jesus would then be not a brother of James & Joses, whose mother is alive at the Crucifixion).
	* Joseph was married and divorced: first the mother of James and Joseph (Joses), then Mary.		* Joseph was married and divorced: first to the mother of James and Joseph (Joses), then to Mary.
	* Joseph had two or more wives: the mother of James and Joseph (Joses) and the mother of Jesus.		* Joseph had two or more wives: the mother of James and Joseph (Joses) and the mother of Jesus.

Line 297:		Line 297:

	;Kinsmen--no parent in common, but some other close blood relationship (traditional interpretation).		;Kinsmen--no parent in common, but some other close blood relationship (traditional interpretation).
	:If the James in Galatians is not the son of "the mother of James and Joseph (Joses)," then he is not on the list of the four "brothers" and must be a more distant relative. If he is the James from the list, then his mother is not Mary and (in all likelihood) his father is not Joseph.		:If the James in [http://usccb.org/bible/gal/1:9 Galatians 1:9] is not the son of "the mother of James and Joseph (Joses)," then he is not on the list of the four "brothers" and must be a more distant relative. If he is the James from the list, then his mother is not Mary and (in all likelihood) his father is not Joseph.



	== References ==		== References ==

Mxmsj: /* Other mothers */

2013-07-20T14:22:02Z

Other mothers

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:22, 20 July 2013
Line 239:		Line 239:
	{\|{{Prettytable}}		{\|{{Prettytable}}
	\|-		\|-
	\|Mk 15:40		\|align="right"\|[http://usccb.org/bible/mk/15:40 Mk 15:40]
	\|"Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and Salome."		\|"Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James the younger and of Joses, and Salome."
	\|-		\|-
	\|Mt 27:56		\|align="right"\|[http://usccb.org/bible/mt/27:56 Mt 27:56]
	\|"Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joseph, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee."		\|"Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joseph, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee."
	\|-		\|-
	\|Jn 19:25		\|align="right"\|[http://usccb.org/bible/jn/19:25 Jn 19:25]
	\|"His mother[,] and his mother's sister[,] Mary the wife of Clopas[,] and Mary Magdalene."		\|"His mother[,] and his mother's sister[,] Mary the wife of Clopas[,] and Mary Magdalene."
	\|}		\|}

Mxmsj: /* The brothers */

2013-07-20T14:18:16Z

The brothers

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 20 July 2013
Line 224:		Line 224:
	\|"But I saw none of the other apostles except James the Lord's brother."		\|"But I saw none of the other apostles except James the Lord's brother."

	''If this is James, the apostle, then we know his father was Alphaeus (Cleophas/Clopas) and we may speculate that his mother is "the "mother of James and Joseph (Joses)"; if this is not James, the apostle, then we have an extra James who is not on the list, which would suggest that he is a more distant relative than the named brothers (James & Joseph and Simon & Judas. Or we have an apostle, like Paul, who is not one of the twelve.''		:: ''If this is James, the apostle, then we know his father was Alphaeus (Cleophas/Clopas) and we may speculate that his mother is "the "mother of James and Joseph (Joses)"; if this is not James, the apostle, then we have an extra James who is not on the list, which would suggest that he is a more distant relative than the named brothers (James & Joseph and Simon & Judas. Or we have an apostle, like Paul, who is not one of the twelve.''
	\|}		\|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 10 December 2022
Line 20:		Line 20:
	1. Some people argue that James the son of Alphaeus is not the same James who is the brother of Joses; what is clear in either case both in Mt and Mk is that Mary the mother of Jesus is not Mary the mother of James and Joses. Therefore, "brother" in this case definitely does not mean "son of the same mother and father." If it is true of James and Joses, the first two men on the list of "brothers," it is very likely true of all of the rest that they are close blood relatives from different parents.		1. Some people argue that James the son of Alphaeus is not the same James who is the brother of Joses; what is clear in either case both in Mt and Mk is that Mary the mother of Jesus is not Mary the mother of James and Joses. Therefore, "brother" in this case definitely does not mean "son of the same mother and father." If it is true of James and Joses, the first two men on the list of "brothers," it is very likely true of all of the rest that they are close blood relatives from different parents.

	The assumption behind the reasoning in McKenzie and below in McGarvey and Pendleton is that the James given in the list of brothers is the same James who in other passages is called "the brother of the Lord." This does not seem to be at all unreasonable. Otherwise, we would end up with two brothers of the Lord called James, one who followed him as an apostle and one who did not. Occam's Razor, for what it's worth, suggests that we shouldn't imagine extra Jameses running around in Mt and Lk unless the text compels us to do so--''"Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem" ("Entities should not be multiplied unless it is necessary to do so," often reduced to the maxim, "The simplest explanation is the best one").		The assumption behind the reasoning in McKenzie and below in McGarvey and Pendleton is that the James given in the list of brothers is the same James who in other passages is called "the brother of the Lord." This does not seem to be at all unreasonable. Otherwise, we would end up with two brothers of the Lord called James, one who followed him as an apostle and one who did not. Occam's Razor, for what it's worth, suggests that we shouldn't imagine extra Jameses running around in Mt and Lk unless the text compels us to do so — ''"Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem" ("Entities should not be multiplied unless it is necessary to do so," often reduced to the maxim, "The simplest explanation is the best one").

	But if there is only one "James, the brother of the Lord," then we know who his mother is: it is not Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Jame's mother is alive at the time of the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus. This makes it highly unlikely that she was Joseph's first wife--unless he divorced her or else intended to take Mary as a second wife--which casts a long shadow over the theory that "the brother of the Lord" was born of an earlier marriage of Joseph.		But if there is only one "James, the brother of the Lord," then we know who his mother is: it is not Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Jame's mother is alive at the time of the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus. This makes it highly unlikely that she was Joseph's first wife — unless he divorced her or else intended to take Mary as a second wife — which casts a long shadow over the theory that "the brother of the Lord" was born of an earlier marriage of Joseph.

	2. For a passionate argument that the sons and daughters are Joseph's children by a previous marriage, contact Dr. Richard Escobales in the Department of Mathematics at Canisius College. I concede his point that his interpretation is possible. But from that concession, it does not follow that his theory is necessary.		2. For a passionate argument that the sons and daughters are Joseph's children by a previous marriage, contact Dr. Richard Escobales in the Department of Mathematics at Canisius College. I concede his point that his interpretation is possible. But from that concession, it does not follow that his theory is necessary.

	The root of the problem is a desire to translate ''adelphoi'' consistently. In some cases, "brothers" is an exact and literal translation. In other cases, the better translation would be "kinsmen" (close blood relatives). But in the first scene from the synoptics (Mk 3:31, Mt 12:46, Lk 8:19), Escobales is offended at the idea of using the looser term ("Your mother and your kinsmen are here") because Jesus then turns the phrase around to identify his true "mother and brothers and sisters" as "whoever does the will of God." The turn of phrase admittedly would be most powerful if, in fact, the relatives who were worried about Jesus were from the same two parents. Since Escobales believes in the perpetual virginity of Our Lady, at best he gets: "Your mother and your half-brothers and half-sisters are here." This is perhaps one step closer to the kind of brotherhood and sisterhood created by obedience to the will of God, but it is still not the perfect match that would be supplied by the children all being from Joseph and Mary--including Jesus. If we were forced to reason from the parallelism in the saying of Jesus to facts about the family, then we would be forced to say that Joseph is the father of Jesus as well as of James, Joses, Simon, and Judas; but this interpretation is firmly rejected by the scriptural and ecclesiastical teachings that the Father conceived Jesus in Mary's womb by the power of the Holy Spirit.		The root of the problem is a desire to translate ''adelphoi'' consistently. In some cases, "brothers" is an exact and literal translation. In other cases, the better translation would be "kinsmen" (close blood relatives). But in the first scene from the synoptics (Mk 3:31, Mt 12:46, Lk 8:19), Escobales is offended at the idea of using the looser term ("Your mother and your kinsmen are here") because Jesus then turns the phrase around to identify his true "mother and brothers and sisters" as "whoever does the will of God." The turn of phrase admittedly would be most powerful if, in fact, the relatives who were worried about Jesus were from the same two parents. Since Escobales believes in the perpetual virginity of Our Lady, at best he gets: "Your mother and your half-brothers and half-sisters are here." This is perhaps one step closer to the kind of brotherhood and sisterhood created by obedience to the will of God, but it is still not the perfect match that would be supplied by the children all being from Joseph and Mary — including Jesus. If we were forced to reason from the parallelism in the saying of Jesus to facts about the family, then we would be forced to say that Joseph is the father of Jesus as well as of James, Joses, Simon, and Judas; but this interpretation is firmly rejected by the scriptural and ecclesiastical teachings that the Father conceived Jesus in Mary's womb by the power of the Holy Spirit.

	Here is a Protestant source that agrees with the Catholic reading of the scriptures. I have modified the second table to give Mary, the mother of Jesus, her own column, and made some corrections in the lists.		Here is a Protestant source that agrees with the Catholic reading of the scriptures. I have modified the second table to give Mary, the mother of Jesus, her own column, and made some corrections in the lists.
Line 122:		Line 122:
	\|}		\|}

	:: NOTE.--To aid the reader, we submit the following table of the women who watched the crucifixion of Jesus, for it is from their names and descriptions that we get our Scriptural light by which we distinguish the kindred of our Lord.		:: NOTE. — To aid the reader, we submit the following table of the women who watched the crucifixion of Jesus, for it is from their names and descriptions that we get our Scriptural light by which we distinguish the kindred of our Lord.

	::{\|{{Prettytable}}		::{\|{{Prettytable}}
Line 161:		Line 161:
	:: In the Bible, the term "brother" is used to refer to a wide variety of relationships. For instance, "Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/11:26 (Genesis 11:26).] This verse shows that Abram is the uncle of Lot: Abram is the brother of Lot's father. But in another verse, Abram is called Lot's "brother": "And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son [i.e., Abram's nephew], who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed. And when Abram heard that his brother [Lot] was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/14:12 (Genesis 14:12,14).]		:: In the Bible, the term "brother" is used to refer to a wide variety of relationships. For instance, "Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begat Lot" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/11:26 (Genesis 11:26).] This verse shows that Abram is the uncle of Lot: Abram is the brother of Lot's father. But in another verse, Abram is called Lot's "brother": "And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son [i.e., Abram's nephew], who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed. And when Abram heard that his brother [Lot] was taken captive, he armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/14:12 (Genesis 14:12,14).]

	:: Similarly, the Bible tells us here that Laban is Jacob's uncle: "And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things" [http://usccb.org/bible// (Genesis 29:13).] However, two verses later, Laban calls Jacob his brother: "And Laban said unto Jacob, 'Because thou art my brother, shouldst thou therefore serve me for nought? Tell me, what shall thy wages be?'" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/29:15 (Genesis 29:15 ''[--the story of Jacob's marriages to Leah and Rachel<nowiki>]</nowiki>'').]		:: Similarly, the Bible tells us here that Laban is Jacob's uncle: "And it came to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Jacob his sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. And he told Laban all these things" [http://usccb.org/bible// (Genesis 29:13).] However, two verses later, Laban calls Jacob his brother: "And Laban said unto Jacob, 'Because thou art my brother, shouldst thou therefore serve me for nought? Tell me, what shall thy wages be?'" [http://usccb.org/bible/gn/29:15 (Genesis 29:15 ''[ — the story of Jacob's marriages to Leah and Rachel<nowiki>]</nowiki>'').]

	:: So we see that the term "brother" can refer to other relationships than the one to which we normally apply it. This sort of thing was also done with other terms, such as "children". Here's an example: "And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul" [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/12:30 (1 Chronicles 12:30).]		:: So we see that the term "brother" can refer to other relationships than the one to which we normally apply it. This sort of thing was also done with other terms, such as "children". Here's an example: "And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul" [http://usccb.org/bible/1chr/12:30 (1 Chronicles 12:30).]
Line 171:		Line 171:
	:: If we accept that Alphaeus and Cleophas are the same person, then we have found that three of the brothers mentioned in Mark 6:3 are the sons of Alphaeus/Cleophas: James, Joses[/Joseph], and Juda/Judas. And if we make the assumption that Mary the wife of Cleophas mentioned in John 19:25 is the sister of Mary the mother of Jesus, and if we further assume that Mary the wife of Cleophas is the mother of Cleophas' children, that would make James, Joses and Juda the first cousins of Jesus.		:: If we accept that Alphaeus and Cleophas are the same person, then we have found that three of the brothers mentioned in Mark 6:3 are the sons of Alphaeus/Cleophas: James, Joses[/Joseph], and Juda/Judas. And if we make the assumption that Mary the wife of Cleophas mentioned in John 19:25 is the sister of Mary the mother of Jesus, and if we further assume that Mary the wife of Cleophas is the mother of Cleophas' children, that would make James, Joses and Juda the first cousins of Jesus.

	::: ''[I find this very attractive because it gives James good reason to be called "the brother of the Lord." My chief difficulty is understanding why two daughters would both be called "Mary"; a lesser problem is that no one lists James, Joses, and Judas in a single breath as sons of the same father and mother; lastly, the list in Mk 3 inserts a Simon before Judas. It may well be that we have an example of "conflation" of two or more mothers or fathers into one--some garbling in the tradition.]''		::: ''[I find this very attractive because it gives James good reason to be called "the brother of the Lord." My chief difficulty is understanding why two daughters would both be called "Mary"; a lesser problem is that no one lists James, Joses, and Judas in a single breath as sons of the same father and mother; lastly, the list in Mk 3 inserts a Simon before Judas. It may well be that we have an example of "conflation" of two or more mothers or fathers into one — some garbling in the tradition.]''

	:; [http://www.catholic.com/tracts/brethren-of-the-lord "Brethren of the Lord."]		:; [http://www.catholic.com/tracts/brethren-of-the-lord "Brethren of the Lord."]
Line 189:		Line 189:
	::;Objection 1		::;Objection 1

	::: We should not consider the Hebrew--Greek did have a word for cousin and other kinds of relatives also, and the Gospels do not use the other specific words for the relatives of Jesus. They use only Greek "''adelphos''," which means a real brother.		::: We should not consider the Hebrew — Greek did have a word for cousin and other kinds of relatives also, and the Gospels do not use the other specific words for the relatives of Jesus. They use only Greek "''adelphos''," which means a real brother.

	::;Reply 1:		::;Reply 1:

	::: The [[Septuagint]] (the old Greek translation of the [[TNK\|Hebrew OT]]--abbreviated LXX) uses Greek "''adelphos''," brother, for Lot--who as mentioned above, was really a nephew.		::: The [[Septuagint]] (the old Greek translation of the [[TNK\|Hebrew OT]] — abbreviated LXX) uses Greek "''adelphos''," brother, for Lot — who as mentioned above, was really a nephew.

	== NT references ==		== NT references ==
Line 273:		Line 273:
	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus James the apostle, son of Alphaeus] [http://usccb.org/bible/mt/10 (Mt 10,] [http://usccb.org/bible/mk/3 Mk 3,] [http://usccb.org/bible/lk/6 Lk 6,] [http://usccb.org/bible/acts/1 Acts 1).] Identified by some as "James the younger" (or lesser).		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus James the apostle, son of Alphaeus] [http://usccb.org/bible/mt/10 (Mt 10,] [http://usccb.org/bible/mk/3 Mk 3,] [http://usccb.org/bible/lk/6 Lk 6,] [http://usccb.org/bible/acts/1 Acts 1).] Identified by some as "James the younger" (or lesser).
	* James of Jerusalem [http://usccb.org/bible/acts/15:13 (Acts 15:13).] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_the_Just James the Just], first bishop of Jerusalem (d. 62 or 69). Called "James the brother of the Lord" by Paul, but not one of the Twelve [http://usccb.org/bible/gal/1:19 (Gal 1:19).]		* James of Jerusalem [http://usccb.org/bible/acts/15:13 (Acts 15:13).] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_the_Just James the Just], first bishop of Jerusalem (d. 62 or 69). Called "James the brother of the Lord" by Paul, but not one of the Twelve [http://usccb.org/bible/gal/1:19 (Gal 1:19).]
	* James, the younger (has his own Mom, Mary--[[http://usccb.org/bible/mk/15:40 Mk 15:40;] brother of Joses). May or may not be James the son of Alphaeus. If so, then we know that Alphaeus was married to Mary, the mother of James and Joses [[http://usccb.org/bible/mk/15:40 (Mk 15:40 again).]		* James, the younger (has his own Mom, Mary — [[http://usccb.org/bible/mk/15:40 Mk 15:40;] brother of Joses). May or may not be James the son of Alphaeus. If so, then we know that Alphaeus was married to Mary, the mother of James and Joses [[http://usccb.org/bible/mk/15:40 (Mk 15:40 again).]
	* James, the father of the apostle, Jude [http://usccb.org/bible/lk/6 (Lk 6,] [http://usccb.org/bible/acts/1:13 Acts 1:13).]		* James, the father of the apostle, Jude [http://usccb.org/bible/lk/6 (Lk 6,] [http://usccb.org/bible/acts/1:13 Acts 1:13).]

Line 296:		Line 296:
	: But Joseph is not the father of Jesus [http://usccb.org/bible/mt/1:25 (Mt 1:25,] [http://usccb.org/bible/lk/1:34 Lk 1:34),] so the "brothers" cannot be full blood-brothers. Still, if Joseph and Mary had other children, people unaware of the Virginal Conception of Jesus would have called them "brothers."		: But Joseph is not the father of Jesus [http://usccb.org/bible/mt/1:25 (Mt 1:25,] [http://usccb.org/bible/lk/1:34 Lk 1:34),] so the "brothers" cannot be full blood-brothers. Still, if Joseph and Mary had other children, people unaware of the Virginal Conception of Jesus would have called them "brothers."

	; Half-brothers--from the same father, different mother.		; Half-brothers — from the same father, different mother.
	* Joseph was married, widowed (Escobales, Protoevangelium of James, Gospel of Peter), and remarried (Jesus would then be not a brother of James & Joses, whose mother is alive at the Crucifixion).		* Joseph was married, widowed (Escobales, Protoevangelium of James, Gospel of Peter), and remarried (Jesus would then be not a brother of James & Joses, whose mother is alive at the Crucifixion).
	* Joseph was married and divorced: first to the mother of James and Joseph (Joses), then to Mary.		* Joseph was married and divorced: first to the mother of James and Joseph (Joses), then to Mary.
	* Joseph had two or more wives: the mother of James and Joseph (Joses) and the mother of Jesus.		* Joseph had two or more wives: the mother of James and Joseph (Joses) and the mother of Jesus.

	;Half-brothers--from the same mother, different father.		;Half-brothers — from the same mother, different father.
	:Mary committed adultery with Alphaeus and gave birth to an illegitimate child (James)? Not likely!		:Mary committed adultery with Alphaeus and gave birth to an illegitimate child (James)? Not likely!

	;Kinsmen--no parent in common, but some other close blood relationship (traditional interpretation).		;Kinsmen — no parent in common, but some other close blood relationship (traditional interpretation).
	:If the James in [http://usccb.org/bible/gal/1:9 Galatians 1:9] is not the son of "the mother of James and Joseph (Joses)," then he is not on the list of the four "brothers" and must be a more distant relative. If he is the James from the list, then his mother is not Mary and (in all likelihood) his father is not Joseph.		:If the James in [http://usccb.org/bible/gal/1:9 Galatians 1:9] is not the son of "the mother of James and Joseph (Joses)," then he is not on the list of the four "brothers" and must be a more distant relative. If he is the James from the list, then his mother is not Mary and (in all likelihood) his father is not Joseph.