Catholic Doctrine of Conscience - Revision history

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	Although it is, in fact, part of the Catholic tradition that conscience is supreme, such that even a poorly-formed conscience ought to be obeyed, this small part of the tradition ought not to overshadow the Church's teaching that ''it is an obligation of conscience to form our consciences by using objective standards'' drawn from [[natural law]] and the supernatural truths revealed to us by God through the Church.		Although it is, in fact, part of the Catholic tradition that conscience is supreme, such that even a poorly-formed conscience ought to be obeyed, this small part of the tradition ought not to overshadow the Church's teaching that ''it is an obligation of conscience to form our consciences by using objective standards'' drawn from [[natural law]] and the supernatural truths revealed to us by God through the Church.

	"Ignorance of the law is no excuse." We are responsible--held accountable by God--for the proper formation of our consciences. It is a great sin against the light to choose ignorance and cultivate sin.		"Ignorance of the law is no excuse." We are responsible — held accountable by God — for the proper formation of our consciences. It is a great sin against the light to choose ignorance and cultivate sin.

	== Scripture ==		== Scripture ==

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	:: A very corrupt variant of the concept of conscience has seeped into popular thought. The embellished meaning draws on an inflated notion of personal autonomy that does not yield to external authority. This modern idea invokes a baseless privilege of the individual to replace universal moral principles with their own subjective sense of right and wrong. So contrary is this view to authentic Church teaching that Pope Gregory XVI in his encyclical Mirari Vos characterized the error as a deliramentum, meaning a form of madness.		:: A very corrupt variant of the concept of conscience has seeped into popular thought. The embellished meaning draws on an inflated notion of personal autonomy that does not yield to external authority. This modern idea invokes a baseless privilege of the individual to replace universal moral principles with their own subjective sense of right and wrong. So contrary is this view to authentic Church teaching that Pope Gregory XVI in his encyclical Mirari Vos characterized the error as a deliramentum, meaning a form of madness.

	:: Blessed Cardinal Newman characterized this new variant of conscience as a “miserable ~~counterfeitâ€~~ for the real thing. He decried the modern understanding of conscience whose proponents “do not even pretend to go by any moral rule, but they demand what they think is an Englishman’s prerogative, for each to be his own master in all things, and to profess what he ~~pleasesâ€~~ (John Henry Cardinal Newman, ''Letter to the Duke of Norfolk,'' Lecture V, in "Certain Difficulties felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching").		:: Blessed Cardinal Newman characterized this new variant of conscience as a “miserable counterfeit” for the real thing. He decried the modern understanding of conscience whose proponents “do not even pretend to go by any moral rule, but they demand what they think is an Englishman’s prerogative, for each to be his own master in all things, and to profess what he pleases” (John Henry Cardinal Newman, ''Letter to the Duke of Norfolk,'' Lecture V, in "Certain Difficulties felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching").

	:: Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI at one point expressed concern that the new variant of conscience had entered theological discussions as a thinly veiled moral relativism, “a cloak thrown over human subjectivity, allowing man to elude the clutches of reality and to hide from ~~itâ€~~ (Ratzinger, ''Values in a time of upheaval,'' "Chapter 5: Conscience and truth" [San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005]). He outlined how this false idea of conscience exhibits several deceptive qualities. It tends to reject the notion that truth can be known; it refuses to allow itself to be called into question; it seeks its grounding in social opinion; and it considers mere conviction or intensity of feeling to be the ground of right judgment.		:: Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI at one point expressed concern that the new variant of conscience had entered theological discussions as a thinly veiled moral relativism, “a cloak thrown over human subjectivity, allowing man to elude the clutches of reality and to hide from it” (Ratzinger, ''Values in a time of upheaval,'' "Chapter 5: Conscience and truth" [San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005]). He outlined how this false idea of conscience exhibits several deceptive qualities. It tends to reject the notion that truth can be known; it refuses to allow itself to be called into question; it seeks its grounding in social opinion; and it considers mere conviction or intensity of feeling to be the ground of right judgment.

	:: The damage done by this '''counterfeit idea of conscience''' is compounded by the fact that the Church (rightly) insists that “a human being must always obey the certain judgment of his ~~conscienceâ€~~ [http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p3s1c1a6.htm#1800 (CCC 1800).] Many who hold the corrupted view of conscience derive a misguided sense of heroism from this instruction, insisting not only that they can make their own rules of right and wrong, but claiming that the Catholic Church requires them to do so.		:: The damage done by this '''counterfeit idea of conscience''' is compounded by the fact that the Church (rightly) insists that “a human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscience” [http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p3s1c1a6.htm#1800 (CCC 1800).] Many who hold the corrupted view of conscience derive a misguided sense of heroism from this instruction, insisting not only that they can make their own rules of right and wrong, but claiming that the Catholic Church requires them to do so.

	''Star Trek'' fantasized about "deflector shields" that could stop enemy missiles and lasers. The shields of invincible ignorance are spiritual realities in our day. Simply repeating the contents of the Catechism is futile. The truths of the faith just bounce off of the relativism and indifference of the culture of death. [[Modernism\|Modernists]] have been circulating a counterfeit doctrine of conscience in Catholic education. We need God's help to soften our stony hearts and make them receptive to the seed of the gospel.		''Star Trek'' fantasized about "deflector shields" that could stop enemy missiles and lasers. The shields of invincible ignorance are spiritual realities in our day. Simply repeating the contents of the Catechism is futile. The truths of the faith just bounce off of the relativism and indifference of the culture of death. [[Modernism\|Modernists]] have been circulating a counterfeit doctrine of conscience in Catholic education. We need God's help to soften our stony hearts and make them receptive to the seed of the gospel.

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	:: A very corrupt variant of the concept of conscience has seeped into popular thought. The embellished meaning draws on an inflated notion of personal autonomy that does not yield to external authority. This modern idea invokes a baseless privilege of the individual to replace universal moral principles with their own subjective sense of right and wrong. So contrary is this view to authentic Church teaching that Pope Gregory XVI in his encyclical Mirari Vos characterized the error as a deliramentum, meaning a form of madness.		:: A very corrupt variant of the concept of conscience has seeped into popular thought. The embellished meaning draws on an inflated notion of personal autonomy that does not yield to external authority. This modern idea invokes a baseless privilege of the individual to replace universal moral principles with their own subjective sense of right and wrong. So contrary is this view to authentic Church teaching that Pope Gregory XVI in his encyclical Mirari Vos characterized the error as a deliramentum, meaning a form of madness.

	:: Blessed Cardinal Newman characterized this new variant of conscience as a ~~â€œmiserable~~ counterfeitâ€ for the real thing. He decried the modern understanding of conscience whose proponents ~~â€œdo~~ not even pretend to go by any moral rule, but they demand what they think is an Englishman’s prerogative, for each to be his own master in all things, and to profess what he pleasesâ€ (John Henry Cardinal Newman, ''Letter to the Duke of Norfolk,'' Lecture V, in "Certain Difficulties felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching").		:: Blessed Cardinal Newman characterized this new variant of conscience as a “miserable counterfeitâ€ for the real thing. He decried the modern understanding of conscience whose proponents “do not even pretend to go by any moral rule, but they demand what they think is an Englishman’s prerogative, for each to be his own master in all things, and to profess what he pleasesâ€ (John Henry Cardinal Newman, ''Letter to the Duke of Norfolk,'' Lecture V, in "Certain Difficulties felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching").

	:: Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI at one point expressed concern that the new variant of conscience had entered theological discussions as a thinly veiled moral relativism, ~~â€œa~~ cloak thrown over human subjectivity, allowing man to elude the clutches of reality and to hide from itâ€ (Ratzinger, ''Values in a time of upheaval,'' "Chapter 5: Conscience and truth" [San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005]). He outlined how this false idea of conscience exhibits several deceptive qualities. It tends to reject the notion that truth can be known; it refuses to allow itself to be called into question; it seeks its grounding in social opinion; and it considers mere conviction or intensity of feeling to be the ground of right judgment.		:: Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI at one point expressed concern that the new variant of conscience had entered theological discussions as a thinly veiled moral relativism, “a cloak thrown over human subjectivity, allowing man to elude the clutches of reality and to hide from itâ€ (Ratzinger, ''Values in a time of upheaval,'' "Chapter 5: Conscience and truth" [San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005]). He outlined how this false idea of conscience exhibits several deceptive qualities. It tends to reject the notion that truth can be known; it refuses to allow itself to be called into question; it seeks its grounding in social opinion; and it considers mere conviction or intensity of feeling to be the ground of right judgment.

	:: The damage done by this '''counterfeit idea of conscience''' is compounded by the fact that the Church (rightly) insists that ~~â€œa~~ human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscienceâ€ [http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p3s1c1a6.htm#1800 (CCC 1800).] Many who hold the corrupted view of conscience derive a misguided sense of heroism from this instruction, insisting not only that they can make their own rules of right and wrong, but claiming that the Catholic Church requires them to do so.		:: The damage done by this '''counterfeit idea of conscience''' is compounded by the fact that the Church (rightly) insists that “a human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscienceâ€ [http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p3s1c1a6.htm#1800 (CCC 1800).] Many who hold the corrupted view of conscience derive a misguided sense of heroism from this instruction, insisting not only that they can make their own rules of right and wrong, but claiming that the Catholic Church requires them to do so.

	''Star Trek'' fantasized about "deflector shields" that could stop enemy missiles and lasers. The shields of invincible ignorance are spiritual realities in our day. Simply repeating the contents of the Catechism is futile. The truths of the faith just bounce off of the relativism and indifference of the culture of death. [[Modernism\|Modernists]] have been circulating a counterfeit doctrine of conscience in Catholic education. We need God's help to soften our stony hearts and make them receptive to the seed of the gospel.		''Star Trek'' fantasized about "deflector shields" that could stop enemy missiles and lasers. The shields of invincible ignorance are spiritual realities in our day. Simply repeating the contents of the Catechism is futile. The truths of the faith just bounce off of the relativism and indifference of the culture of death. [[Modernism\|Modernists]] have been circulating a counterfeit doctrine of conscience in Catholic education. We need God's help to soften our stony hearts and make them receptive to the seed of the gospel.

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	; [http://www.usccb.org/bible/rom/2:14 Rom 2:14-16]		; [http://www.usccb.org/bible/rom/2:14 Rom 2:14-16]

	: For when the Gentiles who do not have the law by nature observe the prescriptions of the law, they are a law for themselves even though they do not have the law. They show that the demands of the law are written in their hearts, while their conscience also bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or even defend them on the day when, according to my gospel, God will judge ~~peopleâ€™s~~ hidden works through Christ Jesus.		: For when the Gentiles who do not have the law by nature observe the prescriptions of the law, they are a law for themselves even though they do not have the law. They show that the demands of the law are written in their hearts, while their conscience also bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or even defend them on the day when, according to my gospel, God will judge people’s hidden works through Christ Jesus.

	; [http://www.usccb.org/bible/rom/14:21 Rom 14:21]		; [http://www.usccb.org/bible/rom/14:21 Rom 14:21]
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	:: A very corrupt variant of the concept of conscience has seeped into popular thought. The embellished meaning draws on an inflated notion of personal autonomy that does not yield to external authority. This modern idea invokes a baseless privilege of the individual to replace universal moral principles with their own subjective sense of right and wrong. So contrary is this view to authentic Church teaching that Pope Gregory XVI in his encyclical Mirari Vos characterized the error as a deliramentum, meaning a form of madness.		:: A very corrupt variant of the concept of conscience has seeped into popular thought. The embellished meaning draws on an inflated notion of personal autonomy that does not yield to external authority. This modern idea invokes a baseless privilege of the individual to replace universal moral principles with their own subjective sense of right and wrong. So contrary is this view to authentic Church teaching that Pope Gregory XVI in his encyclical Mirari Vos characterized the error as a deliramentum, meaning a form of madness.

	:: Blessed Cardinal Newman characterized this new variant of conscience as a â€œmiserable counterfeitâ€ for the real thing. He decried the modern understanding of conscience whose proponents â€œdo not even pretend to go by any moral rule, but they demand what they think is an ~~Englishmanâ€™s~~ prerogative, for each to be his own master in all things, and to profess what he pleasesâ€ (John Henry Cardinal Newman, ''Letter to the Duke of Norfolk,'' Lecture V, in "Certain Difficulties felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching").		:: Blessed Cardinal Newman characterized this new variant of conscience as a â€œmiserable counterfeitâ€ for the real thing. He decried the modern understanding of conscience whose proponents â€œdo not even pretend to go by any moral rule, but they demand what they think is an Englishman’s prerogative, for each to be his own master in all things, and to profess what he pleasesâ€ (John Henry Cardinal Newman, ''Letter to the Duke of Norfolk,'' Lecture V, in "Certain Difficulties felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching").

	:: Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI at one point expressed concern that the new variant of conscience had entered theological discussions as a thinly veiled moral relativism, â€œa cloak thrown over human subjectivity, allowing man to elude the clutches of reality and to hide from itâ€ (Ratzinger, ''Values in a time of upheaval,'' "Chapter 5: Conscience and truth" [San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005]). He outlined how this false idea of conscience exhibits several deceptive qualities. It tends to reject the notion that truth can be known; it refuses to allow itself to be called into question; it seeks its grounding in social opinion; and it considers mere conviction or intensity of feeling to be the ground of right judgment.		:: Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI at one point expressed concern that the new variant of conscience had entered theological discussions as a thinly veiled moral relativism, â€œa cloak thrown over human subjectivity, allowing man to elude the clutches of reality and to hide from itâ€ (Ratzinger, ''Values in a time of upheaval,'' "Chapter 5: Conscience and truth" [San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005]). He outlined how this false idea of conscience exhibits several deceptive qualities. It tends to reject the notion that truth can be known; it refuses to allow itself to be called into question; it seeks its grounding in social opinion; and it considers mere conviction or intensity of feeling to be the ground of right judgment.

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	== Links ==		== Links ==
	* [[Moral Relativism]]		* [[Moral Relativism]].
			* [http://www.ewtn.com/library/curia/ratzcons.htm Ratzinger, "Conscience and Truth" (1991).]

	[[Category:Discernment of Spirits]]		[[Category:Discernment of Spirits]]
	[[Category:Disputed Questions]]		[[Category:Disputed Questions]]
	[[Category:Ethics]]		[[Category:Ethics]]

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	While this bears some resemblance to the Catholic Doctrine of Conscience, it is a counterfeit of the real thing. This false understanding of conscience is [[Moral Relativism]], and it bears much bad fruit in our human relationships.		While this bears some resemblance to the Catholic Doctrine of Conscience, it is a counterfeit of the real thing. This false understanding of conscience is [[Moral Relativism]], and it bears much bad fruit in our human relationships.

			* [http://catholicstand.com/a-catechesis-on-conscience-and-its-counterfeits/ "A Catechesis on Conscience and Its Counterfeits."]

			:: A very corrupt variant of the concept of conscience has seeped into popular thought. The embellished meaning draws on an inflated notion of personal autonomy that does not yield to external authority. This modern idea invokes a baseless privilege of the individual to replace universal moral principles with their own subjective sense of right and wrong. So contrary is this view to authentic Church teaching that Pope Gregory XVI in his encyclical Mirari Vos characterized the error as a deliramentum, meaning a form of madness.

			:: Blessed Cardinal Newman characterized this new variant of conscience as a â€œmiserable counterfeitâ€ for the real thing. He decried the modern understanding of conscience whose proponents â€œdo not even pretend to go by any moral rule, but they demand what they think is an Englishmanâ€™s prerogative, for each to be his own master in all things, and to profess what he pleasesâ€ (John Henry Cardinal Newman, ''Letter to the Duke of Norfolk,'' Lecture V, in "Certain Difficulties felt by Anglicans in Catholic Teaching").

			:: Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI at one point expressed concern that the new variant of conscience had entered theological discussions as a thinly veiled moral relativism, â€œa cloak thrown over human subjectivity, allowing man to elude the clutches of reality and to hide from itâ€ (Ratzinger, ''Values in a time of upheaval,'' "Chapter 5: Conscience and truth" [San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005]). He outlined how this false idea of conscience exhibits several deceptive qualities. It tends to reject the notion that truth can be known; it refuses to allow itself to be called into question; it seeks its grounding in social opinion; and it considers mere conviction or intensity of feeling to be the ground of right judgment.

			:: The damage done by this '''counterfeit idea of conscience''' is compounded by the fact that the Church (rightly) insists that â€œa human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscienceâ€ [http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p3s1c1a6.htm#1800 (CCC 1800).] Many who hold the corrupted view of conscience derive a misguided sense of heroism from this instruction, insisting not only that they can make their own rules of right and wrong, but claiming that the Catholic Church requires them to do so.

			''Star Trek'' fantasized about "deflector shields" that could stop enemy missiles and lasers. The shields of invincible ignorance are spiritual realities in our day. Simply repeating the contents of the Catechism is futile. The truths of the faith just bounce off of the relativism and indifference of the culture of death. [[Modernism\|Modernists]] have been circulating a counterfeit doctrine of conscience in Catholic education. We need God's help to soften our stony hearts and make them receptive to the seed of the gospel.

	== References ==		== References ==

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	<sup class="versenum">1800</sup> '''A human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscience.		<sup class="versenum">1800</sup> '''A human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscience.
	'''		'''

	<sup class="versenum">1801</sup> Conscience can remain in ignorance or make erroneous judgments. Such ignorance and errors are not always free of guilt.		<sup class="versenum">1801</sup> Conscience can remain in ignorance or make erroneous judgments. Such ignorance and errors are not always free of guilt.

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	<sup class="versenum">1792</sup> Ignorance of Christ and his Gospel, bad example given by others, enslavement to one's passions, assertion of a mistaken notion of autonomy of conscience, rejection of the Church's authority and her teaching, lack of conversion and of charity: these can be at the source of errors of judgment in moral conduct.		<sup class="versenum">1792</sup> Ignorance of Christ and his Gospel, bad example given by others, enslavement to one's passions, assertion of a mistaken notion of autonomy of conscience, rejection of the Church's authority and her teaching, lack of conversion and of charity: these can be at the source of errors of judgment in moral conduct.

	::; Some sources of errors of judgment in moral conduct<nowiki>:</nowiki>		:: ''<u>#1792 reformatted as a list.</u>
	:: - Ignorance of Christ and His Gospel		:::; Some sources of errors of judgment in moral conduct<nowiki>:</nowiki>
	:: - Bad example given by others		::: - Ignorance of Christ and His Gospel
	:: - Enslavement to one's own passions		::: - Bad example given by others
	:: - A mistaken notion of autonomy of conscience		::: - Enslavement to one's own passions
	:: - Rejection of the Church's authority and her teaching		::: - A mistaken notion of autonomy of conscience
	:: - Lack of conversion		::: - Rejection of the Church's authority and her teaching
	:: - Lack of charity		::: - Lack of conversion
			::: - Lack of charity

	<sup class="versenum">1793</sup> '''If - on the contrary - the ignorance is invincible, or the moral subject is not responsible for his erroneous judgment, the evil committed by the person cannot be imputed to him.''' It remains no less an evil, a privation, a disorder. One must therefore work to correct the errors of moral conscience.		<sup class="versenum">1793</sup> '''If - on the contrary - the ignorance is invincible, or the moral subject is not responsible for his erroneous judgment, the evil committed by the person cannot be imputed to him.''' It remains no less an evil, a privation, a disorder. One must therefore work to correct the errors of moral conscience.

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New Testament

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	: When you sin in this way against your brothers and wound their consciences, weak as they are, you are sinning against Christ.		: When you sin in this way against your brothers and wound their consciences, weak as they are, you are sinning against Christ.

	; [http://www.usccb.org/bible/1tm/5:8 1 Tim 5:8]		; [http://www.usccb.org/bible/1tm/1:5 1 Tim 1:5]

	: ~~And whoever does not provide for relatives~~ and ~~especially family members has denied the~~ faith ~~and is worse than an unbeliever~~.		: The aim of this instruction is love from a pure heart, a good conscience, and a sincere faith.

	; [http://www.usccb.org/bible/2tm/3:1 2 Tim 3]		; [http://www.usccb.org/bible/2tm/3:1 2 Tim 3:14-15]

	:		: But you, remain faithful to what you have learned and believed, because you know from whom you learned it, and that from infancy you have known [the] sacred scriptures, which are capable of giving you wisdom for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.

	; [http://www.usccb.org/bible/1pt/3:21 1 Pet 3:21]		; [http://www.usccb.org/bible/1pt/3:21 1 Pet 3:21]

Catholic Doctrine of Conscience - Revision history

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