The Four Gospels - Revision history

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	\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/5:1 5:1]		\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/5:1 5:1]
	\|After this, there was a feast of the Jews, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem.		\|After this, there was a feast of the Jews, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem.
	\|P2? Pentecost after P1?<ref>''NAB'' footnote to 5:1: "The reference in Jn 5:~~45â€“46~~ to Moses suggests that the feast was Pentecost. The connection of that feast with the giving of the law to Moses on Sinai, attested in later Judaism, may already have been made in the first century. The feast could also be Passover (cf. Jn 6:4). John stresses that the day was a sabbath (Jn 5:9)."</ref>		\|P2? Pentecost after P1?<ref>''NAB'' footnote to 5:1: "The reference in Jn 5:45-46 to Moses suggests that the feast was Pentecost. The connection of that feast with the giving of the law to Moses on Sinai, attested in later Judaism, may already have been made in the first century. The feast could also be Passover (cf. Jn 6:4). John stresses that the day was a sabbath (Jn 5:9)."</ref>
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	\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/6:4 6:4]		\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/6:4 6:4]

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	[[Matthew]], Mark, and Luke are called the '''"synoptic gospels"''' because they tell the story of Jesus in a similar way as opposed to the gospel of John.		[[Matthew]], Mark, and Luke are called the '''"synoptic gospels"''' because they tell the story of Jesus in a similar way as opposed to the gospel of John.

	Synoptic (Greek, "''syn''-" + "''optos''", eye): The gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are written "with the same view"--the same optic, same eye, same perspective, same viewpoint, same standpoint.		Synoptic (Greek, "''syn''-" + "''optos''", eye): The gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are written "with the same view" — the same optic, same eye, same perspective, same viewpoint, same standpoint.

	== Points of comparison ==		== Points of comparison ==
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	\|John is listed among the 12 apostles		\|John is listed among the 12 apostles
	\|No "John" the Apostle at all--"Beloved Disciple" instead; no list of 12 apostles; the word "apostle" does not appear in John's gospel at all.		\|No "John" the Apostle at all — "Beloved Disciple" instead; no list of 12 apostles; the word "apostle" does not appear in John's gospel at all.
	\|-		\|-
	\|James the Greater, son of Zebedee and brother of John, is listed among the 12 apostles		\|James the Greater, son of Zebedee and brother of John, is listed among the 12 apostles
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	\|-		\|-
	\|Transfiguration (Mk 9:2, Mt 17:1, Lk 9:28)		\|Transfiguration (Mk 9:2, Mt 17:1, Lk 9:28)
	\|No story of the Transfiguration (Jn 1:18 may refer to it obliquely)--but Mt, Mk, Lk say John was there!		\|No story of the Transfiguration (Jn 1:18 may refer to it obliquely) — but Mt, Mk, Lk say John was there!
	\|-		\|-
	\| Trial before Sanhedrin		\| Trial before Sanhedrin
	\| No Sanhedrin--interviewed by Annas and Caiphas (Jn 18:19-24). Decision to kill Jesus made by the priests in chapter 5.		\| No Sanhedrin — interviewed by Annas and Caiphas (Jn 18:19-24). Decision to kill Jesus made by the priests in chapter 5.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Agony in the Garden		\|Agony in the Garden
	\|No agony in the garden -- just one part of a verse (12:27) that raises questions about the synoptic accounts.		\|No agony in the garden — just one part of a verse (12:27) that raises questions about the synoptic accounts.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Jesus uses parables to teach		\|Jesus uses parables to teach
	\|No parables as such--lots of metaphors instead		\|No parables as such — lots of metaphors instead
	\|-		\|-
	\|Many exorcisms		\|Many exorcisms
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	\| Jesus dies the day AFTER Passover.		\| Jesus dies the day AFTER Passover.
	\| Jesus dies on Preparation Day--at the same hour that the lambs were being slaughtered for the evening meal.		\| Jesus dies on Preparation Day — at the same hour that the lambs were being slaughtered for the evening meal.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Simon of Cyrene carries the cross for Jesus.		\|Simon of Cyrene carries the cross for Jesus.
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	\|Jesus killed the day after [[Passover]]		\|Jesus killed the day after [[Passover]]
	\|Jesus killed the day before [[Passover]]--"Preparation Day"		\|Jesus killed the day before [[Passover]] — "Preparation Day"
	\|-		\|-
	\|The synoptics use Mary's name when referring to her.		\|The synoptics use Mary's name when referring to her.
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	== Date of composition ==		== Date of composition ==

	Estimated time of composition of the gospels (Two Source theory / Q-Hypothesis--one solution of the [[#Synoptic Problem\|Synoptic Problem]]):		Estimated time of composition of the gospels (Two Source theory / Q-Hypothesis — one solution of the [[#Synoptic Problem\|Synoptic Problem]]):

	{\|{{Prettytable}}		{\|{{Prettytable}}
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	There are three [[Passover]] feasts mentioned explicitly in John's Gospel (2:13, 23; 6:4; and 11:55) but only one [[Passover]] in the '''synoptics''' (Mt 26:2, Mk 14:1, and Lk 22:1).		There are three [[Passover]] feasts mentioned explicitly in John's Gospel (2:13, 23; 6:4; and 11:55) but only one [[Passover]] in the '''synoptics''' (Mt 26:2, Mk 14:1, and Lk 22:1).

	In John's gospel, there is a definite return to Galilee between chapters 2 and 6; the Feast of Tabernacles (Dedication of the Temple) occurs between the Passover in 6 and the one in 11 (Jn 7:2). Since [[Passover]] comes only once a year, Jesus' public ministry must therefore have lasted at least two or three years. The estimate of the length of time depends on how early the call of the first disciples is dated (1:35-51). It is traditional to call it "three years" because of the three Passovers. It seems that early Christians took Luke's estimate of Jesus' age ("about 30," Lk 3:23), added the "three years" from John's gospel, and derived the traditional age of 33 for Jesus at the time of his death--but I have no source whatsoever to support this conjecture, and it may be entirely wrong.		In John's gospel, there is a definite return to Galilee between chapters 2 and 6; the Feast of Tabernacles (Dedication of the Temple) occurs between the Passover in 6 and the one in 11 (Jn 7:2). Since [[Passover]] comes only once a year, Jesus' public ministry must therefore have lasted at least two or three years. The estimate of the length of time depends on how early the call of the first disciples is dated (1:35-51). It is traditional to call it "three years" because of the three Passovers. It seems that early Christians took Luke's estimate of Jesus' age ("about 30," Lk 3:23), added the "three years" from John's gospel, and derived the traditional age of 33 for Jesus at the time of his death — but I have no source whatsoever to support this conjecture, and it may be entirely wrong.

	{\|{{Prettytable}}		{\|{{Prettytable}}
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	=== "I have greatly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer" (Luke 22:15) ===		=== "I have greatly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer" (Luke 22:15) ===

	Idiom: "to eat the Passover" -- appears in John for OTHER people. ???		Idiom: "to eat the Passover" — appears in John for OTHER people. ???

	== Gospel Parallels ==		== Gospel Parallels ==

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	\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/4:35 4:35]		\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/4:35 4:35]
	\|Do you not say, ~~â€˜In~~ four months the harvest will be here'? I tell you, look up and see the fields ripe for the harvest.<ref>The ''New American Bible'' treats this as a proverbial saying, not as a reflection of the time of year at which Jesus said these words [http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/4:35#51004035-1 (footnote to Jn 4:35).]</ref>		\|Do you not say, ‘In four months the harvest will be here'? I tell you, look up and see the fields ripe for the harvest.<ref>The ''New American Bible'' treats this as a proverbial saying, not as a reflection of the time of year at which Jesus said these words [http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/4:35#51004035-1 (footnote to Jn 4:35).]</ref>
	\|Grain crops were sown around December and harvested in May, about four months later. If the fields are indeed ripe and ready for the harvest, then this was probably said in May, after the first Passover and before Pentecost, which took place fifty days after Passover.		\|Grain crops were sown around December and harvested in May, about four months later. If the fields are indeed ripe and ready for the harvest, then this was probably said in May, after the first Passover and before Pentecost, which took place fifty days after Passover.
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	\| [http://usccb.org/bible/jn/13:29 13:29]		\| [http://usccb.org/bible/jn/13:29 13:29]
	\| Some thought that since Judas kept the money bag, Jesus had told him, ~~â€œBuy~~ what we need for the feast,” or to give something to the poor.		\| Some thought that since Judas kept the money bag, Jesus had told him, “Buy what we need for the feast,” or to give something to the poor.
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	\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/4:35 4:35]		\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/4:35 4:35]
	\|Do you not say, â€˜In four months the harvest will be ~~hereâ€™~~? I tell you, look up and see the fields ripe for the harvest.<ref>The ''New American Bible'' treats this as a proverbial saying, not as a reflection of the time of year at which Jesus said these words [http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/4:35#51004035-1 (footnote to Jn 4:35).]</ref>		\|Do you not say, â€˜In four months the harvest will be here'? I tell you, look up and see the fields ripe for the harvest.<ref>The ''New American Bible'' treats this as a proverbial saying, not as a reflection of the time of year at which Jesus said these words [http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/4:35#51004035-1 (footnote to Jn 4:35).]</ref>
	\|Grain crops were sown around December and harvested in May, about four months later. If the fields are indeed ripe and ready for the harvest, then this was probably said in May, after the first Passover and before Pentecost, which took place fifty days after Passover.		\|Grain crops were sown around December and harvested in May, about four months later. If the fields are indeed ripe and ready for the harvest, then this was probably said in May, after the first Passover and before Pentecost, which took place fifty days after Passover.
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	\| [http://usccb.org/bible/jn/13:29 13:29]		\| [http://usccb.org/bible/jn/13:29 13:29]
	\| Some thought that since Judas kept the money bag, Jesus had told him, â€œBuy what we need for the feast,~~â€~~ or to give something to the poor.		\| Some thought that since Judas kept the money bag, Jesus had told him, â€œBuy what we need for the feast,” or to give something to the poor.
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	\|-		\|-

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Three Passovers

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	\|Chapters 6-21		\|Chapters 6-21
	\|}		\|}

			=== "I have greatly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer" (Luke 22:15) ===

			Idiom: "to eat the Passover" -- appears in John for OTHER people. ???

	== Gospel Parallels ==		== Gospel Parallels ==

Mxmsj: /* Summary of texts */

2018-10-16T07:47:29Z

Summary of texts

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	\|When the feast was already half over, Jesus went up into the temple area and began to teach.		\|When the feast was already half over, Jesus went up into the temple area and began to teach.
	\|The feast lasts for seven or eight days.		\|The feast lasts for seven or eight days.
			\|-
			\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/7:37 7:37]
			\|On the last and greatest day of the feast, Jesus stood up and exclaimed, "Let anyone who thirsts come to me and drink."
			\|
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	\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/10:22 10:22]		\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/10:22 10:22]
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	\| [http://usccb.org/bible/jn/13:1 13:1]		\| [http://usccb.org/bible/jn/13:1 13:1]
	\| (P3) Now '''''before the festival of the Passover''''', Jesus knew that his hour had come to depart from this world and go to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end.		\| (P3) Now '''''before the festival of the Passover''''', Jesus knew that his hour had come to depart from this world and go to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end.
			\|
			\|-
			\| [http://usccb.org/bible/jn/13:29 13:29]
			\| Some thought that since Judas kept the money bag, Jesus had told him, â€œBuy what we need for the feast,â€ or to give something to the poor.
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-

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	\|But the Jewish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkot feast of Tabernacles] was near.		\|But the Jewish [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkot feast of Tabernacles] was near.
	\|Late September to late October. Pilgrimage to Jerusalem required.		\|Late September to late October. Pilgrimage to Jerusalem required.
			\|-
			\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/7:14 7:14]
			\|When the feast was already half over, Jesus went up into the temple area and began to teach.
			\|The feast lasts for seven or eight days.
	\|-		\|-
	\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/10:22 10:22]		\|align="right"\|[http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/10:22 10:22]

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Summary of texts

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	\| [http://usccb.org/bible/jn/19:31 19:31]		\| [http://usccb.org/bible/jn/19:31 19:31]
	\| '''''Now since it was preparation day''''', in order that the bodies might not remain on the cross on the sabbath, for ''the sabbath day of that week was a solemn one'', the Jews asked Pilate that their legs be broken and they be taken down.		\| '''''Now since it was preparation day''''', in order that the bodies might not remain on the cross on the sabbath, for '''''the sabbath day of that week was a solemn one''''', the Jews asked Pilate that their legs be broken and they be taken down.
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

The Four Gospels - Revision history

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Mxmsj: /* Three Passovers */

Mxmsj: /* Summary of texts */

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