Ptolemy The father of astronomy (~150 BC)

Hypothesis (theory, view, interpretation): The planets must be traveling at uniform velocity in perfect circles; they must have circular orbits (epicycles) that themselves are in circular orbits (cycles).

Corollary of the hypothesis: What we perceive with our eyes is an optical illusion. The planets are not behaving randomly; they do not stop, reverse direction, stop, and reverse direction again. In reality, they only go forward and obey the same laws as all other heavenly bodies: they travel in perfectly circular orbits at a uniform rate.