Christmas season

The Christmas season lasts from Christmas Day until the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord.

December 25	Christmas Day
January 1	Octave of Christmas; Solemnity of Mary Mother of God
December 25 - January 5	Twelve Days of Christmas
January 6	Epiphany
Sunday after Epiphany	Baptism of the Lord

The Twelve Days of Christmas

25 December	1
26	2
27	3
28	4
29	5
30	6
31	7
1 January	8
2	9
3	10
4	11
5	12

Some traditions start the count on December 26 and see January 6 as the Twelfth Day.

• Snopes: "The Twelve Days of Christmas." Snopes says that the legend of encoding the catechism in the song is false. Others disagree. Such is life! The first English version of the song, possibly derived from a French original, appeared in 1780. The allegation that it was a Jesuit code intended to confound English persecutors dates to the 1990s.

• Wikipedia.

A Partridge in a Pear Tree	Jesus Himself.
2 Turtle doves	Old and New Testaments
3 French hens	Trinity, Three Supernatural Virtues (faith, hope, and love)
4 Colly birds	The four evangelists
5 Gold rings	Pentateuch
6 Geese-a-laying	Six days of Creation
7 Swans-a-swimming	Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit
8 Maids-a-milking	Beatitudes (Matthew's version)
9 Ladies dancing	Nine fruits of the Holy Spirit
10 Lords-a-leaping	Ten Commandments
11 Pipers piping	Eleven faithful apostles.
12 Drummers drumming	Twelve articles in the Apostles' Creed.

• A delightful treatment of what life would be like with all these odd presents. The text introduction to the recording wrongly identifies it as "The Twelve Days to Christmas. The Twelve Days, of course, come AFTER Christmas and before Epiphany.

Xmas

The first letter of this ancient abbreviation is not the English character "X" but the Greek character Chi. It is the first letter of "Christos" in Greek: Χριστος. People who use this abbreviation (as I did in the pie chart of the liturgical year) are not "Xing" Christ out of Christmas; they are going back to the original language of the New Testament and to the earliest days of Christianity to find a convenient symbol for Christ.

This is an example of the problems associated with transliteration.

Historical roots

Roman solar connection

• It seems that the birth of Jesus was not celebrated as a separate feast until the 4th century or so. The East has preserved an earlier tradition linking the birthday of Jesus with the Baptism of the Lord (Theophany, January 6--see Epiphany).
• Dies Natalis Solis Invicti: Roman feast of Sol Invictus, "The Unconquerable Sun." The pun on "Sun/Son" does not exist in Latin, where the two words are "filius" and "sol."
• Saturnalia.
• March 25-->December 25.

Eastern vs. Western calendars

"Because of the differences in calendars in use at that time, the Eastern Church celebrated the Incarnation on what is January 6 on our western calendars (although on their calendars this corresponded to December 24), also as an alternative to pagan solstice festivals. Today, most of the Eastern churches (with the exception of Russian Orthodox) follow the Western practice of celebrating Christmas on December 25. However the Western churches also adopted the January 6 date and used it to observe what is now called Epiphany. In effect, the Eastern churches adopted December 25th from the West and the western churches adopted January 6 from the East, and now both are observed in both traditions, although with different emphases."[1]

"Eastern Orthodox national churches, including those of Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and the Greek Patriarchate of Jerusalem mark feasts using the older Julian Calendar. December 25 on that calendar currently corresponds to January 7 on the more widely used Gregorian calendar. However, other Orthodox Christians, such as the churches of Greece, Antioch, Alexandria, Albania, Finland and the Orthodox Church in America, among others, began using the Revised Julian Calendar in the early 20th century, which corresponds exactly to the Gregorian Calendar. These Orthodox Churches celebrate Christmas on the same day as Western Christianity. Oriental Orthodox churches also use their own calendars, which are generally similar to the Julian calendar. The Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates the nativity in combination with the Feast of the Epiphany on January 6. Armenian churches customarily use the Gregorian calendar, but some use the Julian calendar and thus celebrate Christmas Day on January 19, and Christmas Eve on January 18 (according to the Gregorian calendar)."[2]

Gift-giving traditions

• December 6: Feast of St. Nicholas, who gave generously to the poor, especially to some young women in need of a dowry.
• December 25
• January 6: Epiphany in the West, imitating the magi of Matthew's gospel. In the East, this seems to have been the original date for celebrating the birth of Jesus.

Modern controversies

Christmas and Easter are traditional feasts when lapsed Catholics make a guest appearance at Mass. We hope and pray that they will "come to Church for a change."