Chronology of Heresies: Difference between revisions

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|<! —               name  — >[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11604a.htm Pelagianism]
|<!--               name  — >[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11604a.htm Pelagianism]
|align="right"|<! — date  — >400-418
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >400-418
|<! —           proponent  — >Pelagius
|<!--           proponent  — >Pelagius
|<! —           opponent  — >St. Augustine
|<!--           opponent  — >St. Augustine
|<! —           comments  — >Pelagius "denied original sin as well as Christian grace. ... [He] regarded the moral strength of man's will (''liberum arbitrium''), when steeled by asceticism, as sufficient in itself to desire and to attain the loftiest ideal of virtue. The value of Christ's redemption was, in his opinion, limited mainly to instruction (''doctrina'') and example (''exemplum''), which the Saviour threw into the balance as a counterweight against Adam's wicked example, so that nature retains the ability to conquer sin and to gain eternal life even without the aid of grace."<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11604a.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia,'' "Pelagius and Pelagianism."]</ref>
|<!--           comments  — >Pelagius "denied original sin as well as Christian grace. ... [He] regarded the moral strength of man's will (''liberum arbitrium''), when steeled by asceticism, as sufficient in itself to desire and to attain the loftiest ideal of virtue. The value of Christ's redemption was, in his opinion, limited mainly to instruction (''doctrina'') and example (''exemplum''), which the Saviour threw into the balance as a counterweight against Adam's wicked example, so that nature retains the ability to conquer sin and to gain eternal life even without the aid of grace."<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11604a.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia,'' "Pelagius and Pelagianism."]</ref>
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|<! —               name  — >[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13703a.htm Semipelagianism]
|<!--               name  — >[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13703a.htm Semipelagianism]
|align="right"|<! — date  — >428-529
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >428-529
|<! —           proponent  — >French monks.
|<!--           proponent  — >French monks.
|<! —           opponent  — >[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Orange_%28529%29 Council of Orange, 529]
|<!--           opponent  — >[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Orange_%28529%29 Council of Orange, 529]
|<! —           comments  — >The essence of Semipelagianism is:
|<!--           comments  — >The essence of Semipelagianism is:
# In distinguishing between the beginning of faith (initium fidei) and the increase of faith (augmentum fidei), one may refer the former to the power of the free will, while the faith itself and its increase is absolutely dependent upon God;
# In distinguishing between the beginning of faith (initium fidei) and the increase of faith (augmentum fidei), one may refer the former to the power of the free will, while the faith itself and its increase is absolutely dependent upon God;
# the gratuity of grace is to be maintained against Pelagius in so far as every strictly natural merit is excluded; this, however, does not prevent nature and its works from having a certain claim to grace;
# the gratuity of grace is to be maintained against Pelagius in so far as every strictly natural merit is excluded; this, however, does not prevent nature and its works from having a certain claim to grace;
# as regards final perseverance in particular, it must not be regarded as a special gift of grace, since the justified man may of his own strength persevere to the end.
# as regards final perseverance in particular, it must not be regarded as a special gift of grace, since the justified man may of his own strength persevere to the end.
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|<! —               name  — >[[Gnosticism]]
|<!--               name  — >[[Gnosticism]]
|align="right"|<! — date  — >80-450
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >80-450
|<! —           proponent  — >Legion.
|<!--           proponent  — >Legion.
|<! —           opponent  — >[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irenaeus St. Irenaeus, d. 202)]
|<!--           opponent  — >[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irenaeus St. Irenaeus, d. 202)]
|<! —           comments  — >Irenaeus wrote ''Adversus Haereses'' around 180 vs. Valentinus.  The Gnostics claimed to have secret revelations.  The word "gnosis" means "knowledge."  Knowledge of the secret mysteries required initiation into the sect.
|<!--           comments  — >Irenaeus wrote ''Adversus Haereses'' around 180 vs. Valentinus.  The Gnostics claimed to have secret revelations.  The word "gnosis" means "knowledge."  Knowledge of the secret mysteries required initiation into the sect.
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|<! —               name  — >[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianism Arianism]
|<!--               name  — >[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianism Arianism]
|align="right"|<! — date  — >320-336
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >320-336
|<! —           proponent  — >Arius
|<!--           proponent  — >Arius
|<! —           opponent  — >St. Athanasius
|<!--           opponent  — >St. Athanasius
|<! —           comments  — >The Son of God is the "firstborn of all creation," and therefore is a god to us mere mortals, but is not God compared to God the Father.  The [[Nicene Creed]] was composed in 325 AD to counter Arianism.
|<!--           comments  — >The Son of God is the "firstborn of all creation," and therefore is a god to us mere mortals, but is not God compared to God the Father.  The [[Nicene Creed]] was composed in 325 AD to counter Arianism.
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|<! —               name  — >Nestorianism
|<!--               name  — >Nestorianism
|align="right"|<! — date  — >
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >
|<! —           proponent  — >Nestorius
|<!--           proponent  — >Nestorius
|<! —           opponent  — >St. Cyril of Alexandria
|<!--           opponent  — >St. Cyril of Alexandria
|<! —           comments  — >
|<!--           comments  — >
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|<! —               name  — >Monotheletism
|<!--               name  — >Monotheletism
|align="right"|<! — date  — >
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >
|<! —           proponent  — >
|<!--           proponent  — >
|<! —           opponent  — >St. Maximus the Confessor
|<!--           opponent  — >St. Maximus the Confessor
|<! —           comments  — >
|<!--           comments  — >
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|<! —               name  — >Latin Averroism
|<!--               name  — >Latin Averroism
|align="right"|<! — date  — >
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >
|<! —           proponent  — >
|<!--           proponent  — >
|<! —           opponent  — >St. Thomas Aquinas
|<!--           opponent  — >St. Thomas Aquinas
|<! —           comments  — >
|<!--           comments  — >
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|<! —               name  — >Calivinism
|<!--               name  — >Calivinism
|align="right"|<! — date  — >
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >
|<! —           proponent  — >Calvin
|<!--           proponent  — >Calvin
|<! —           opponent  — >St. Francis de Sales
|<!--           opponent  — >St. Francis de Sales
|<! —           comments  — >
|<!--           comments  — >
*'''<span style="font-family:'Courier New';">T'''</span> = Total Depravity
*'''<span style="font-family:'Courier New';">T'''</span> = Total Depravity
*'''<span style="font-family:'Courier New';">U'''</span> = Unconditional Election
*'''<span style="font-family:'Courier New';">U'''</span> = Unconditional Election
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*'''<span style="font-family:'Courier New';">P'''</span> = Perseverance of the Saints (Once Saved)
*'''<span style="font-family:'Courier New';">P'''</span> = Perseverance of the Saints (Once Saved)
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|<! —               name  — >[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophysitism Monophysitism]
|<!--               name  — >[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monophysitism Monophysitism]
|align="right"|<! — date  — >451
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >451
|<! —           proponent  — >Alexandria
|<!--           proponent  — >Alexandria
|<! —           opponent  — >Pope St. Leo the Great
|<!--           opponent  — >Pope St. Leo the Great
|<! —           comments  — >Condemned at [[How_to_think_about_Trinity_and_Incarnation#Chalcedon|Council of Chalcedon.]]
|<!--           comments  — >Condemned at [[How_to_think_about_Trinity_and_Incarnation#Chalcedon|Council of Chalcedon.]]
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|<! —               name  — >Iconoclasm
|<!--               name  — >Iconoclasm
|align="right"|<! — date  — >
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >
|<! —           proponent  — >Emperor Leo II
|<!--           proponent  — >Emperor Leo II
|<! —           opponent  — >St. John of Damascus
|<!--           opponent  — >St. John of Damascus
|<! —           comments  — >
|<!--           comments  — >
|- valign="top"
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|<! —               name  — >Jansenism
|<!--               name  — >Jansenism
|align="right"|<! — date  — >
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >
|<! —           proponent  — >Cornelius Jansen
|<!--           proponent  — >Cornelius Jansen
|<! —           opponent  — >St. Alphonsus de Liguori
|<!--           opponent  — >St. Alphonsus de Liguori
|<! —           comments  — >
|<!--           comments  — >
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|<! —               name  — >Free Spirit movement (Quietism)
|<!--               name  — >Free Spirit movement (Quietism)
|align="right"|<! — date  — >
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >
|<! —           proponent  — >Meister Eckhart?
|<!--           proponent  — >Meister Eckhart?
|<! —           opponent  — >Bl. John of Ruysbroeck
|<!--           opponent  — >Bl. John of Ruysbroeck
|<! —           comments  — >
|<!--           comments  — >
|- valign="top"
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|<! —               name  — >Modernism
|<!--               name  — >Modernism
|align="right"|<! — date  — >
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >
|<! —           proponent  — >Tyrrell, Loisy, von Hugel
|<!--           proponent  — >Tyrrell, Loisy, von Hugel
|<! —           opponent  — >Pope St. Pius X
|<!--           opponent  — >Pope St. Pius X
|<! —           comments  — >
|<!--           comments  — >
|- valign="top"
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|<! —               name  — >Origenism
|<!--               name  — >Origenism
|align="right"|<! — date  — >
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >
|<! —           proponent  — >
|<!--           proponent  — >
|<! —           opponent  — >St. Methodius of Olympus
|<!--           opponent  — >St. Methodius of Olympus
|<! —           comments  — >
|<!--           comments  — >
|- valign="top"
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|<! —               name  — >Indifferentism
|<!--               name  — >Indifferentism
|align="right"|<! — date  — >
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >
|<! —           proponent  — >
|<!--           proponent  — >
|<! —           opponent  — >Pope Pius XI
|<!--           opponent  — >Pope Pius XI
|<! —           comments  — >
|<!--           comments  — >
|- valign="top"
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|<! —               name  — >[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharism Catharism]
|<!--               name  — >[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharism Catharism]
|align="right"|<! — date  — >12th to 14th
|align="right"|<!-- date  — >12th to 14th
|<! —           proponent  — >
|<!--           proponent  — >
|<! —           opponent  — >[from Greek: καθαροί, katharoi, "the pure" Pope Innocent III], St. Dominic.
|<!--           opponent  — >[from Greek: καθαροί, katharoi, "the pure" Pope Innocent III], St. Dominic.
|<! —           comments  — >The name is from the Greek, καθαροί, ''katharoi'', "the pure," so we could call this "Catholic Puritanism," although the theology of Catharism is quite different from that of the Puritans.  The Cathars were Gnostics and Dualists, much like the Manichaeans.  The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade Albigensians] were a group of Cathars in the south of France.
|<!--           comments  — >The name is from the Greek, καθαροί, ''katharoi'', "the pure," so we could call this "Catholic Puritanism," although the theology of Catharism is quite different from that of the Puritans.  The Cathars were Gnostics and Dualists, much like the Manichaeans.  The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade Albigensians] were a group of Cathars in the south of France.


:; [http://www.catholic.com/tracts/the-inquisition "The Inquisition."]
:; [http://www.catholic.com/tracts/the-inquisition "The Inquisition."]

Revision as of 11:22, 10 December 2022

A heretic is someone who denies part of Tradition and keeps part of Tradition.

In arguing with heretics, it is important to recognize and honor that part of the Tradition which they preserve while describing the part they reject with "clarity and charity" (motto of The Station of the Cross Catholic Radio).

In today's jargon, heresies are "memes" that circulate in our culture. Like genes, memes mutate and combine with other memes to produce new variants of the old heresies.

I have used "15 Major Heresies and Those Who Fought Them" as a springboard for the development of the table below.

name date proponent opponent comments
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