Holy Days of Obligation

The first Precept of the Church is "You shall attend Mass on Sundays and holy days of obligation and rest from servile labor."

CCC #2177

The Sunday celebration of the Lord's Day and his Eucharist is at the heart of the Church's life. "Sunday is the day on which the paschal mystery is celebrated in light of the apostolic tradition and is to be observed as the foremost holy day of obligation in the universal Church."

"Also to be observed are:

• the day of the Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ,
• the Epiphany,
• the Ascension of Christ,
• the feast of the Body and Blood of Christi,
• the feast of Mary the Mother of God,
• her Immaculate Conception,
• her Assumption,
• the feast of Saint Joseph,
• the feast of the Apostles Saints Peter and Paul,
• and the feast of All Saints."

National Conference of Catholic Bishops, United States of America

Whenever January 1, the solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, or August 15, the solemnity of the Assumption, or November 1, the solemnity of All Saints, falls on a Saturday or on a Monday, the precept to attend Mass is abrogated.

date	feast	U.S. Calendar
January 1	Feast of Mary the Mother of God (Theotokos)	Abrogated on a Saturday or Monday.
January 6	Epiphany	Moved to Sunday after January 1.
March 19	Feast of Saint Joseph	Not a holyday of obligation.
40 days after Easter	Ascension of Christ	Moved to Sunday in some dioceses.
Thursday after Trinity Sunday	Feast of the Body and Blood of Christ (Corpus Christi)	Sunday after Trinity Sunday
June 29	Feast of the Apostles Saints Peter and Paul	Not a holyday of obligation.
August 15	Assumption of Our Lady	Abrogated on a Saturday or Monday.
November 1	All Saints	Abrogated on a Saturday or Monday.
December 8	Immaculate Conception of Our Lady
December 25	Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ

Reasons to miss Mass

CCC #2180

"The precept of the Church specifies the law of the Lord more precisely: 'On Sundays and other holy days of obligation the faithful are bound to participate in the Mass.' 'The precept of participating in the Mass is satisfied by assistance at a Mass which is celebrated anywhere in a Catholic rite either on the holy day or on the evening of the preceding day.'"

CCC #2181

"The Sunday Eucharist is the foundation and confirmation of all Christian practice. For this reason the faithful are obliged to participate in the Eucharist on days of obligation, unless excused for a serious reason (for example, illness, the care of infants) or dispensed by their own pastor. Those who deliberately fail in this obligation commit a grave sin."

CCC #2183

"If because of lack of a sacred minister or for other grave cause participation in the celebration of the Eucharist is impossible, it is specially recommended that the faithful take part in the Liturgy of the Word if it is celebrated in the parish church or in another sacred place according to the prescriptions of the diocesan bishop, or engage in prayer for an appropriate amount of time personally or in a family or, as occasion offers, in groups of families."

CCC #2185

"On Sundays and other holy days of obligation, the faithful are to refrain from engaging in work or activities that hinder the worship owed to God, the joy proper to the Lord's Day, the performance of the works of mercy, and the appropriate relaxation of mind and body. Family needs or important social service can legitimately excuse from the obligation of Sunday rest. The faithful should see to it that legitimate excuses do not lead to habits prejudicial to religion, family life, and health.

"'The charity of truth seeks holy leisure--the necessity of charity accepts just work.'"

A Day of Rest

CCC 2042 The first precept ("You shall attend Mass on Sundays and holy days of obligation and rest from servile labor") requires the faithful to sanctify the day commemorating the Resurrection of the Lord as well as the principal liturgical feasts honoring the Mysteries of the Lord, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the saints; in the first place, by participating in the Eucharistic celebration, in which the Christian community is gathered, and by resting from those works and activities which could impede such a sanctification of these days.

Cf. CIC, cann. 1246-1248; CCEO, cann. 881 § 1, § 2, § 4.

Canon 1246 §1. Sunday, on which by apostolic tradition the paschal mystery is celebrated, must be observed in the universal Church as the primordial holy day of obligation. The following days must also be observed: the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Epiphany, the Ascension, the Body and Blood of Christ, Holy Mary the Mother of God, her Immaculate Conception, her Assumption, Saint Joseph, Saint Peter and Saint Paul the Apostles, and All Saints.

§2. With the prior approval of the Apostolic See, however, the conference of bishops can suppress some of the holy days of obligation or transfer them to a Sunday.

Can. 1247 On Sundays and other holy days of obligation, the faithful are obliged to participate in the Mass.

Moreover, they are to abstain from those works and affairs which hinder the worship to be rendered to God, the joy proper to the Lord’s day, or the suitable relaxation of mind and body.

Code of Canon Law

Canon 1245

Without prejudice to the right of diocesan bishops mentioned in ⇒ can. 87, for a just cause and according to the prescripts of the diocesan bishop, a pastor can grant in individual cases a dispensation from the obligation of observing a feast day or a day of penance or can grant a commutation of the obligation into other pious works. A superior of a religious institute or society of apostolic life, if they are clerical and of pontifical right, can also do this in regard to his own subjects and others living in the house day and night.

Feast Days

Canon 1246

§1. Sunday, on which by apostolic tradition the paschal mystery is celebrated, must be observed in the universal Church as the primordial holy day of obligation. The following days must also be observed:

• the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ,
• the Epiphany,
• the Ascension,
• the Body and Blood of Christ,
• Holy Mary the Mother of God,
• her Immaculate Conception,
• her Assumption,
• Saint Joseph,
• Saint Peter and Saint Paul the Apostles, and
• All Saints.

§2. With the prior approval of the Apostolic See, however, the conference of bishops can suppress some of the holy days of obligation or transfer them to a Sunday.

Canon 1247

On Sundays and other holy days of obligation, the faithful are obliged to participate in the Mass.

Moreover, they are to abstain from those works and affairs which hinder the worship to be rendered to God, the joy proper to the Lord’s day, or the suitable relaxation of mind and body.

Canon 1248

§1. A person who assists at a Mass celebrated anywhere in a Catholic rite either on the feast day itself or in the evening of the preceding day satisfies the obligation of participating in the Mass.

§2. If participation in the eucharistic celebration becomes impossible because of the absence of a sacred minister or for another grave cause, it is strongly recommended that the faithful take part in a liturgy of the word if such a liturgy is celebrated in a parish church or other sacred place according to the prescripts of the diocesan bishop or that they devote themselves to prayer for a suitable time alone, as a family, or, as the occasion permits, in groups of families.

Holy Thursday and Good Friday

The best speculation I've seen about why Holy Thursday and Good Friday are not technically holy days of obligation is that:

• Only one Mass may be celebrated on Holy Thursday. Most parishes need several Masses to accommodate all of their parisioners.
• There is no Mass on Good Friday, so there can be no obligation to "attend Mass." It is a day of fast and abstinence for all adult Catholics who are healthy enough to fast.

Links

• Sunday as the Day of the Lord.