All the -isms

position	era
empiricism	Enlightenment	The only things that can be known are those composed of matter-energy in spacetime that are observable and measurable through the senses as extended by the instruments of science. Locke and Hume.
rationalism	Enlightenment	Reason sets the boundaries to what can be believed.
humanism	Renaissance
positivism	19th and 20th century
linguistic criticism	20th century	Better known as "linguistic analysis," but that doesn't fit the pigeonhole of "all the -isms."
pietism
Protestantism
Catholicism
modernism	20th century	"The Church must conform to modernity."
egalitarianism
existentialism
scientism
evidentialism
pragmatism
scholasticism
mathematicism
idealism
liberalism
conservatism
traditionalism
Marxism
Kantianism
Thomism
gnosticism
agnosticism
fideism
fundamentalism
literalism
theism
pantheism
atheism
historicism
animism
monism
creationism
biblical criticism
terrorism
quietism
mysticism
nominalism
Jansenism
perfectionism
minimalism
materialism
spiritualism
rubricism
clericalism	Modernity	"The essence of clericalism is a certain mindset, a way of thinking about persons, relationships, and roles within church settings. The clericalist mindset assumes that priests (and, to a lesser degree, religious) are always the people in charge — the natural decision-makers, direction-setters, and initiators of action in the Church. Lay people make up a permanent ecclesiastical under-class. They are by nature passive and subservient, in need of clerical direction. ... [Clericalism] takes for granted that the clerical state is intrinsically superior to all others (i.e., the consecrated life, the married state, the single lay state in the world)."
Triumphalism	Nineteenth and twentieth centuries	Triumphalists wrongly attribute to themselves the glory of Jesus and the saints in Heaven. As a consequence, they fail to fight well in the battles that God has given them to fight. Their sin of presumption prevents them from preaching the gospel effectively.