Canon of the Old Testament: Difference between revisions

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|<span style="display:none">34</span>[http://www.usccb.org/bible/daniel/0 Daniel]
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|align="right"|<span style="display:none">29.2</span>587-539 BC <! — after Baruch  — >
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|align="right"|<span style="display:none">29.2</span>587-539 BC <! — after Baruch  — >
|align="right"|<span style="display:none">29.2</span>587-539 BC <!-- after Baruch  — >
|align="right"|<span style="display:none">43</span>2nd BC
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Revision as of 12:22, 10 December 2022

The Chronological order in the tables below is approximately by the date of the topical material in the book. The book of Jonah, for example, tells a story that would have taken place in the 8th century BC but almost certainly was composed after the exile.

The Composition order in the tables is only very roughly indicative of when the books (or the material in them) might have been begun. Scholars disagree endlessly about how to date the composition and editing of the books.

In the notes below, "Exile" is a synonym for the time of the Babylonian Captivity (587-520 BC). "Post-exilic" therefore means "after the enslaved Jews were set free to return to Judea from Babylon."

TNK is the Jewish acronym for the Hebrew scriptures: Torah, Nebi'im, Kethub'im — Law, Prophets, and Writings.

LXX is the name given to the Greek translation and augmentation of TNK done by Jewish rabbis roughly two centuries before the time of Jesus. LXX is the Roman numeral for "70," and it refers to the legend that seventy Jewish rabbis independently translated TNK into Greek in one month's time, producing 70 manuscripts that were identical in every respect.

See "Rejection of Seven Old Testament Books" below for more details on the difference between TNK and LXX.

The complete canon

Click on the sort symbol () below to re-sort the column
Biblical order Topic Composition Genre LXX
01Genesis 0117th to 16th BC 04 11th BC to 6th BC Torah TNK
02Exodus 02Exodus 0511th BC to 6th BC Torah TNK
03Leviticus 04Exodus 0213th BC to 6th BC Torah TNK
04Numbers 05Exodus 0313th BC to 6th BC Torah TNK
05Deuteronomy 06Exodus 24649 to 609 BC Torah TNK
06Joshua 07Judges 089th to 6th BC History TNK
07Judges 08Judges 177th to 6th BC History TNK
08Ruth 09Judges 06 10th / 5th BC History TNK
091 Samuel 11Kings 09 9th BC History TNK
102 Samuel 12Kings 10 9th BC History TNK
111 Kings 13Kings 22640 to 609 BC History TNK
122 Kings 14Kings 23640 to 609 BC History TNK
131 Chronicles 15Kings 13 8th to 3rd BC History TNK
142 Chronicles 16Kings 14 8th to 3rd BC History TNK
15Ezra 36458, 428, 398 BC? 37 5th to 3rd BC History TNK
16Nehemiah 37Before or after Ezra 38 5th to 3rd BC History TNK
17Tobit 237th BC 402nd BC History LXX
18Judith 106th BC 451st BC History LXX
19Esther 40485-465 BC 365th-3rd BC History TNK
201 Maccabees 45167-139 BC 412nd to 1st BC History LXX
212 Maccabees 46164 BC 422nd to 1st BC History LXX
22Job 35N/A 30Post-exilic Wisdom TNK
23Psalms 0313th to 5th BC 0113th to 5th BC Wisdom TNK
24Proverbs 33Solomon 0810th to 6th? Wisdom TNK
25Ecclesiastes (Qoheleth) 41Solomon 393rd to 2nd BC Wisdom TNK
26Song of Songs 34Solomon 31Post-exilic Wisdom TNK
27Wisdom 441st BC 461st BC Wisdom LXX
28 Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) 43180 BC 44180 BC Wisdom LXX
29Isaiah 188th & 6th-5th BC 168th to 5th BC Prophecy TNK
30Jeremiah 26627-587 BC 217th to 6th BC Prophecy TNK
31Lamentations 28587 BC 26Exile Prophecy TNK
32Baruch 29.1587 BC 32Post-exilic Prophecy LXX
33Ezekiel 27593-573 BC 25Exile Prophecy TNK
34Daniel 29.2587-539 BC
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