Canon of the Old Testament
See the article on the canon for the general idea of how the "official list of books in the Old Testament" developed from TNK and LXX.
The Chronological order is approximately by the date of the topical material in the book. The book of Jonah, for example, tells a story that would have taken place in the 8th century BC but almost certainly was composed after the exile.
The Composition order is only very roughly indicative of when the books (or the material in them) might have been begun. Scholars disagree endlessly over when composition may have begun and when the final edition may have been completed.
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Exile: The time of the Babylonian Captivity (587-520 BC).
Biblical order | Topic | Composition | Genre | LXX |
---|---|---|---|---|
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Genesis | 17th BC | 11th BC to 6th BC | Torah | TNK |
Exodus | Exodus | 11th BC to 6th BC | Torah | TNK |
Leviticus | Exodus | 13th BC to 6th BC | Torah | TNK |
Numbers | Exodus | 13th BC to 6th BC | Torah | TNK |
Deuteronomy | Exodus | 6th BC to 3rd BC? | Torah | TNK |
Joshua | Judges | 9th to 6th BC | History | TNK |
Judges | Judges | 7th to 6th BC | History | TNK |
Ruth | Judges | 10th / 5th BC | History | TNK |
1 Samuel | Kings | 9th BC | History | TNK |
2 Samuel | Kings | 9th BC | History | TNK |
1 Kings | Kings | 640 to 609 BC | History | TNK |
2 Kings | Kings | 640 to 609 BC | History | TNK |
1 Chronicles | Kings | 8th to 3rd BC | History | TNK |
2 Chronicles | Kings | 8th to 3rd BC | History | TNK |
Ezra | 458, 428, 398 BC? | 5th to 3rd BC | History | TNK |
Nehemiah | Before or after Ezra | 5th to 3rd BC | History | TNK |
Tobit | 7th BC | 2nd BC | History | LXX |
Judith | 6th BC | 1st BC | History | LXX |
Esther | 485-465 BC | 5th-3rd BC | History | TNK |
1 Maccabees | 167-139 BC | 2nd to 1st BC | History | LXX |
2 Maccabees | 164 BC | 2nd to 1st BC | History | LXX |
Job | N/A | Post-exilic | Wisdom | TNK |
Psalms | 13th to 5th BC | 13th to 5th BC | Wisdom | TNK |
Proverbs | Solomon | 10th to 6th? | Wisdom | TNK |
Ecclesiastes (Qoheleth) | Solomon | 3rd to 2nd BC | Wisdom | TNK |
Song of Songs | Solomon | Post-exilic | Wisdom | TNK |
Wisdom | 1st BC | 1st BC | Wisdom | LXX |
Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) | 2nd BC | 2nd BC | Wisdom | LXX |
Isaiah | 8th & 6th-5th BC | 8th to 5th BC | Prophecy | TNK |
Jeremiah | 627-587 BC | 7th to 6th BC | Prophecy | TNK |
Lamentations | 587 BC | Exile | Prophecy | TNK |
Baruch | 587 BC | Post-exilic | Prophecy | LXX |
Ezekiel | 593-573 BC | Exile | Prophecy | TNK |
Daniel | 587-539 BC | 2nd BC | Prophecy | LXX & TNK |
Hosea | 8th BC | 8th BC | Prophecy | TNK |
Joel | 450 to 350 BC? | 5th to 4th? | Prophecy | TNK |
Amos | 786-742 BC | 8th BC | Prophecy | TNK |
Obadiah | 450 to 312 BC? | 5th to 4th BC? | Prophecy | TNK |
Jonah | 786-746 BC | Post-exilic | Prophecy | TNK |
Micah | 740 to 687 BC | 8th BC | Prophecy | TNK |
Nahum | 612 to 609 BC? | 7th BC | Prophecy | TNK |
Habakkuk | 612 to 609 BC? | 7th BC | Prophecy | TNK |
Zephaniah | 640 to 609 BC | 7th BC | Prophecy | TNK |
Haggai | 520 BC | 6th BC | Prophecy | TNK |
Zechariah | 520 to 499 BC | 6th to 5th BC | Prophecy | TNK |
Malachi | after 515 BC | 6th BC | Prophecy | TNK |